外国资本与俄国经济发展:规模和影响探究  

Foreign Capital and Russia's Economic Development: A Probe into Scale and Influence

作　　者：邓沛勇[1,2] 罗丹萍 Deng Peiyong;Luo Danping

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院暨历史研究院 [2]贵州师范大学国际政治文化研究中心 [3]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2021年第5期97-118,共22页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“金帐汗国史研究”(项目批准号:21BSS006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪下半叶,在政府政策扶持、资本主义生产关系逐渐普及和关税大幅提高等因素的共同作用下,外资大量涌入俄国,成为左右社会经济发展的重要矢量。涌入俄国的外资可分为生产性和非生产性投资,生产性投资中工业和运输业的规模最大,非生产性投资主要用于购买有价债券,二者共同推动了俄国经济的发展。外资对俄国经济发展的作用在于:第一,直接推动了俄国工业化进程,19世纪末的工业繁荣与外资密切相关;第二,俄国政府在国际金融市场大举借债使全俄铁路网络得以最终奠定,铁路国有化基本完成;第三,外资以商业银行为媒介进入俄国,直接促进了俄国银行业的发展,股份制公司大量涌现也是资本市场发展的表现。外资对俄国社会经济发展的作用毋庸置疑,在其作用下工业、贸易、金融和市场等领域逐步完善,同时也留下了经济对外资依赖度过高的后遗症。In the second half of the 19th century,foreign capital poured into Russia and became an important influencing factor for Russia's social and economic development due to the policy support of the Russian government,the gradual spread of capitalist production relations,and the increase of tariffs.Generally,the influx of foreign capital into Russia can be divided into productive and non-productive investments.In terms of productive investment,industry and transportation have the largest scale.Non-productive investment is mainly used to purchase valuable documents.For Russia's economic development,the role of foreign capital is as follows.Firstly,it directly promoted the process of industrialization in Russia and led to the industrial prosperity.Secondly,it helped to complete the construction and nationalization of Russia's railway network.Thirdly,foreign capital entered Russia through commercial banks,which directly promoted the development of Russia's banking industry and joint-stock companies.Indeed,the role of foreign capital in Russia's social and economic development is undoubted.Under its influence,Russia's industry,trade,finance,and market have gradually improved.But at the same time,problems including the excessive dependence on foreign capital in Russia's economy were also left.

关 键 词：俄国 外国资本 铁路 工业化 

分 类 号：K512.42[历史地理—历史学]