我国避孕药具应用现状及其时间、空间和人间分布  

Contraceptive prevalence and pattern of method mix in China:current situation and changes of temporal,spatial and population distribution of contraceptive use

作　　者：车焱 丁璟 张妍 Che Yan;Ding Jing;Zhang Yan(NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies),Fudan University,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市生物医药技术研究院,国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室,200237

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2021年第8期680-687,共8页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：上海市计划生育科学研究所科技攀登项目(PD2017-10)。

摘　　要：避孕药具的应用与人口发展和健康密切相关,了解我国避孕药具应用现状及其在时间、空间和人间变化趋势是避孕政策制定和避孕技术服务的基础。本文对国家卫生健康年鉴以及国家权威多中心大样本计划生育调查相关数据进行分析,结果显示我国综合避孕率在缓慢下降,其中以绝育术和宫内节育器为主的长效避孕措施使用率和构成比大幅下降,以避孕套为主的短效避孕措施比例大幅上升。东部沿海发达地区短效避孕药具构成比以及人工流产活产比均显著升高。半数以上产后和人工流产后妇女以及未婚女性以避孕套为首选。建议政府主管部门和计划生育行业组织出台相关政策和服务指南,引导和推广长效避孕药具在我国的应用;建议由国家避孕药具管理中心与药具生产企业进行价格谈判,为各省市避孕药具政府采购获取最优的价格和最佳的避孕产品;建议在国家基本公共卫生服务工作规范中,将未婚育龄人群纳入国家免费避孕药具服务对象。Contraceptive use is closely associated with population development and health.We aimed to understand the pattern and changes of temporal,spatial and population distribution of contraceptive use in China in this study.The data we used were from previous national family planning/reproductive health surveys during last two decades,2019 national health yearbook,and several large multi-center investigations in abortion/postpartum/migrant women in China.Findings of this study show that contraceptive prevalence slightly declined during last two decades.Proportion of long-acting methods,including sterilization and intrauterine devices,dropped sharply,and that of short-acting methods,in particular condoms,increased fast.The proportion of short-acting methods and abortion-birth ratios in eastern coastal developed provinces were far more higher than those in most other provinces.Condom was the first choice in more than a half of postpartum women,women with an induced abortion history,and those unmarried.We recommended that the administration authorities and family planning associations in China advocate long-acting reversible methods through policy-making and service guideline development.We also suggested that the national administrative center for contraceptive methods lead the negotiation on decision of purchasing the methods with production enterprises so as to acquire the best prices and best products.Furthermore,the unmarried people at reproductive age should be included in the national basic public health services projects to provide free contraceptive services.

关 键 词：避孕药具 避孕率 构成比 三间分布 

分 类 号：R169.41[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]