灌溉和施磷对河西地区春玉米生长、产量和磷素利用的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Phosphorus Application on Spring Maize Growth,Yield and Phosphorus Utilization in Hexi Region

作　　者：王艳丽 张富仓[1] 李菊 许新宇 王海东[1] 郭金金 陆军胜 范军亮[1] 向友珍[1] WANG Yanli;ZHANG Fucang;LI Ju;XU Xinyu;WANG Haidong;GUO Jinjin;LU Junsheng;FAN Junliang;XIANG Youzhen(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2021年第9期1309-1320,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303);国家自然科学基金(51979231);教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B12007)。

摘　　要：为研究灌溉和施磷量对河西地区春玉米生长、产量、磷素吸收利用的影响,以‘咸科858’为试验材料,设置W1(80%ETc)和W2(60%ETc)2个灌水水平(ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量)和P0、P50、P100、P150和P2005个磷肥水平(P_(2)O_(5))。生育期内对玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量、土壤有效磷含量和植物磷含量等进行测定。结果表明,拔节期W1P100处理玉米株高最大为132.63 cm,分别高于其他施磷处理3.84%~23.45%;随着施磷量的增加,玉米的根冠比显著增加,W1P200和W2P200处理的根冠比较大,分别为0.097和0.089;叶面积指数随着施磷量的增加先增加后减小,W1P100处理的叶面积指数最大为3.07,较其他处理提高11.63%~36.44%;灌浆期和成熟期W1P100和W2P150处理的干物质累积量比同一水分不同处理增幅最大分别为19.14%和22.94%,18.39%和25.66%;随着施磷量的增加,土壤中有效磷含量显著增加,W1和W2处理中P50、P100、P150、P200的土壤有效磷平均含量分别较对照增加22.59%、77.94%、84.71%、78.61%和34.37%、82.78%、88.35%、93.92%;灌水量和施磷量对百粒质量及产量有极显著影响,W1各施磷处理玉米产量均比W2高,其中W1P100处理产量最高,达15279 kg/hm^(2),比其他施磷处理高3.58%~22.75%。河西地区,在W1(80%ETc)灌水水平下,当产量最高时盈余率为87%,此时施磷量(P_(2)O_(5))为112.38 kg/hm^(2),0~40 cm土壤有效磷含量为10.88 mg/kg,偏生产力为129.08 kg/kg,在95%置信区间内,求得施磷范围(P_(2)O_(5))为106.76~117.99 kg/hm^(2)。To study the effects of irrigation and phosphorus application on the growth,yield,phosphorus absorption and utilization of spring maize in Hexi area,‘Xianke 858’was used as material,two irrigation rates of.,W1(80%ETc)and W2(60%ETc)(ETc is crop evapotranspiration),and five phosphate fertilizer rates(P_(2)O_(5)),i.e.,P0,P50,P100,P150 and P200 were set.During the growth period,the maize plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield,soil available phosphorus content and plant phosphorus content were measured.The results showedthat the maximum plant height of maize at the jointing stage under W1P100 was 132.63 cm,which was 3.84%-23.45%higher than those of other phosphorus treatments.With the increase of phosphorus amount,the root-to-shoot rate of maize increased significantly.The leaf area index first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application rate.The maximum leaf area index of W1P100 treatment was 3.07,which was 11.23%-32.33%higher than those of other phosphorus application treatments.The dry matter accumulation of W1P100 and W2P150 treatments at the filling and maturity stages increased by 19.14%and 22.94%,18.39%and 25.66%,respectively,compared with non-phosphorus treatments.With the increase of phosphorus application rate,the available phosphorus content in the soil increased significantly.Under the W1 and W2 treatments,the average soil available phosphorus content of P50,P100,P150,and P200 increased by 22.59%,77.94%,84.71%,78.61%and 34.37%,82.78%,88.35%,93.92%compared with the control,respectively.Irrigation amount and phosphorus application rate had extremely significant effect on 100-kernel mass and grain yield.The yields of all phosphorus treatments in W1 were higher than those in W2.Among them,W1P100 had the highest yield,reaching 15279 kg/hm^(2),which was 3.58%-16.68%higher than those of other phosphorus treatments.In Hexi area,under the irrigation level of W1(80%ETc),the surplus rate was 87%when the highest yield was obtained.At this time,the phos

关 键 词：河西地区 滴灌施肥 磷肥 干物质积累 盈余率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]