基于三容腔液压缸的装载机举升系统能效特性  

Energy efficiency characteristics of wheel loader lifting system based on three chamber hydraulic cylinder

作　　者：王翔宇[1] 郝云晓 杨敬[1] 张红娟[1] 权龙[1] 王波[1] WANG Xiangyu;HAO Yunxiao;YANG Jing;ZHANG Hongjuan;QUAN Long;WANG Bo(Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学新型传感器与智能控制教育部和山西省重点实验室,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期3194-3203,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775363,U1910211)。

摘　　要：为消除装载机阀控液压系统在举升和下降过程产生的节流和溢流损失,并回收举升过程中积累的重力势能,提出由三腔液压缸和闭式泵控组合的高能效液压驱动系统。首先,将现有非对称液压缸中的柱塞杆改为中空结构,设计中空腔室柱塞腔与有杆腔的面积相等,两腔室直接与液压泵进油口和出油口相连,构成闭式泵控回路,第三腔室直接与蓄能器相连,构成液气储能单元;然后,根据工作原理和理论分析初步确定系统基本元件的参数,构建所提出的系统的多学科联合仿真模型,通过动态特性的仿真分析,验证系统的可行性;最后,搭建高能效液压驱动系统试验样机验证仿真结果的准确性,并分析不同势能回收腔压力对系统能效和特性的影响。研究结果表明:采用闭式泵控液压系统,不仅完全消除了节流损失,还通过伺服电机驱动定排量液压泵,实现了动臂液压系统供需流量匹配;蓄能器与液压缸第三腔重力势能回收腔直接相连,下降过程中可直接回收利用举升系统动力势能,当此腔压力为5 MPa时,所提系统能量回收效率最高,可达79.4%。In order to eliminate the throttling and overflow losses caused by the valve controlled hydraulic system of wheel loader during lifting and falling processes and recover the gravitational potential energy of wheel loader lifting system accumulated in the lifting processes,a high efficiency hydraulic drive system composed of three chamber hydraulic cylinder and closed pump control system was proposed.Firstly,the piston rod of the existing asymmetric hydraulic cylinder was changed into a hollow structure.The area of the plunger cavity and rod cavity of the cavity were designed to be equal.Two cavities were directly connected with the oil inlet and the oil outlet of hydraulic pump to form a closed pump control circuit.The third chamber was directly connected with the accumulator to form a liquid-gas energy storage unit.Secondly,the parameters of basic components of the system were preliminarily determined according to the working principle and theoretical analysis.The multidisciplinary simulation model of the proposed system was constructed,and the feasibility of the system was verified through simulation analysis of dynamic characteristics.Finally,an experimental prototype of the proposed system was built to verify the accuracy of the simulation results and analyze the influence of different potential energy recovery chamber pressure on the energy efficiency and characteristics of the system.The results show that the closed pump control hydraulic system eliminates throttling loss and drives the constant displacement hydraulic pump through servo motor to realize flow matching between supply and demand of the boom hydraulic system.The accumulator is connected with the third chamber,and the gravitational potential energy of the lifting system can be directly recycled during the descent.When the pressure is 5 MPa,the energy recovery efficiency of the proposed system is the highest,up to 79.4%.

关 键 词：三容腔液压缸 高能效 势能回收利用 装载机动臂 闭式泵控 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH243