历史城区绿道评价模型的构建与应用--以北京老城东四南历史街区为例  

Application and Construction of the Evaluation Model of Greenway in Historic Cities:A Case Study of the South Dongsi Historic District in the Old City of Beijing

作　　者：刘袆绯 杨笑莘 邓娇莺 李娈启 杨瀚菲 Liu Yifei;Yang Xiaoxin;Deng Jiaoying;Li Luanqi;Yang Hanfei

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2021年第10期71-78,共8页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:52078040);国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号:51608035);北京市社会科学基金青年项目(编号:18LSC009);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:2021SCZ04);北京林业大学“北京市级大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(编号:S201610022021)。

摘　　要：在尊重传统风貌的前提下,引入与历史城区肌理格局相契合的胡同绿道理念,使历史街区风貌得到完善保护的同时,提升生态环境,并提供交往休憩的可能。该文通过文献研究及借鉴绿道理论,提取风貌、生态、游憩3个核心要素,完善和细化为一套由建筑风貌、建筑高度、建筑质量、古树名木、绿视率、树冠覆盖率、群落多样性、树种季相、步行连续度、人行道宽度、文化基础设施、服务基础设施12个评价因子构成的适应于历史城区氛围的绿道评价模型。并实地调研北京老城的东四南历史街区,对于现状线性开放空间以25m为划分单元,定量化提取出由17条胡同251个基本单元,应用历史城区绿道评价模型从点—线—面三个层次进行评价。用以客观、准确、综合地描述历史城区绿道建设与规划现状,并对历史城区基于胡同绿道优化的有机更新提出建议和引导。On the premise of respecting traditional appearance,the concept of Hutong greenway,which fits in with the urban fabric of historical cities,is introduced.This improves the ecological environment and provides the possibility of communication and rest while protecting and promoting the features of historical blocks.Through literature review of relative research and taking a reference of the greenway theory,we extract three core elements of greenway in historic cities,townscape,ecology and recreation,the research has completed and detailed a set of suitable evaluation model of greenway for historical atmosphere with 12 evaluation factors,including scene of buildings,height of buildings,quality of construction,ancient or famous trees,green looking ratio,cover rate,plant community diversity,seasonal aspect,continuation between pedestrian systems,the sidewalk width,culture infrastructures and service infrastructures.At the same time,on the basis of field investigation of South Dongsi historic district of Beijing’s old city,with the present linear open space divided into unit per 25 meters,the research extracts a grid of 17 hutongs and 251 basic units from this historic district quantitatively,meanwhile,using the evaluation model of greenway of the research to appraise the grid of South Dongsi historic district from 3 levels:point,line,and surface.This evaluation model of greenway can not only be used for describing the construction and planning status of greenway in historical district with objective,accurate and comprehensive point of view,it can also offer advice and guidance for historic district based on Hutong greenway’s optimization in organic update.

关 键 词：绿道 历史城区 评价模型 北京老城 东四南历史街区 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]