共挤出成型木塑复合材料研究进展与应用  

Research progress and application of co-extruded wood plastic composites

作　　者：郝笑龙 周海洋 孙理超 林东融 欧荣贤 王清文 HAO Xiaolong;ZHOU Haiyang;SUN Lichao;LIN Dongrong;OU Rongxian;WANG Qingwen(Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,College of Materials and Energy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Guangzhou 510642,China;Huidong Meixin Plastic Lumber Products Manufacturing Co.Ltd.,Huizhou 516321,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学材料与能源学院,生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [3]惠东美新塑木型材制品有限公司,广东惠州516321

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第5期27-38,共12页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901251,31870547,32071698);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1101203);广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0202010008);中国博士后科学基金(2019M652919)。

摘　　要：木塑复合材料(WPCs)是一类以热塑性聚合物为基体,以木质纤维为填充增强材料,通过熔融复合,采用挤出、注塑或模压等成型工艺而制备的复合材料,兼具木材的生态特性和热塑性聚合物的可重复加工性能,是一类生态和经济效益显著的环境友好材料,近几十年来获得飞速发展。然而,传统WPCs由于其耐UV老化性能差,受到长期力载荷和热负荷时易发生蠕变和热变形,由此导致的耐久性和安全性隐患制约了其市场发展,迫切需要加以解决并向高附加值和多功能化等方向拓展。共挤出成型木塑复合材料(Co-WPCs)是采用共挤出成型技术将不同组分的核/壳材料复合而成的多层木塑复合材料,可以较低的成本和较高的效率,赋予WPCs高附加值和多功能化。笔者主要介绍了Co-WPCs的研究现状,并结合核/壳结构的特征,概述了Co-WPCs的研究进展,包括力学性能、尺寸稳定性、耐候性能、阻燃性能等;重点阐述了2种新型Co-WPCs的发展状况,为共挤出木塑的创新和发展提供新思路;最后提出共挤出木塑复合材料发展所面临的挑战和问题,阐明了未来研究的重点。Wood plastic composites(WPCs)are generally prepared using thermoplastic polymer as a matrix including polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),etc,and wood fibers or wood flour as reinforcing fillers.Usually,WPCs are manufactured according to melting compound by the hot-melt extrusion,injection or compression molding process.WPCs are a class of environmentally friendly composite materials with remarkable ecological and economic benefits,which possess both the ecological characteristics of wood and reprocessing ability of thermoplastic polymers,and have been developed rapidly in recent decades.Besides,using low-cost wood fiber with wide range of sources is one of the main reasons that decrease the cost of WPCs.In recent years,WPCs have been widely used in the fields of architectural decoration,interior buildings and outdoor landscape owing to the advantages of environmental protection compared with inorganic building materials.However,the insufficient compatibility between the hydrophobic polymer matrix and polar wood fibers may decrease the durability and safety of traditional WPCs,which has limited their market development.These problems resulted from the interfacial adhesion containing the poor UV aging resistance and creep,and thermal deformations when the products are subjected to the long-term load and thermal loads.Therefore,these problems need to be solved urgently,and it is crucial to develop WPCs with high added value and versatility.Co-extruded wood plastic composites(Co-WPCs)are multi-layer WPCs containing core/shell materials with different components using the co-extrusion technology,which can provide WPCs with high added value and multifunction at low cost and high processing efficiency simultaneously.With the development of co-extrusion technology,Co-WPCs will become one of the important leading directions of the WPCs industry in the future development.The progress of the Co-WPCs research status was introduced by analyzing the properties and its products compared with the traditio

关 键 词：木塑复合材料 共挤出技术 核/壳结构 力学性能 尺寸稳定性 耐候性 阻燃 

分 类 号：S784[农业科学—林学]