以女性为载体:顾颉刚孟姜女故事研究中的礼制抗争与人性追求  

Women as the Vehicle:The Ritual Resistance and Humanity Pursuit in Gu Jiegang’s Studies in the Legend of Meng Jiangnv

作　　者：王均霞 WANG Junxia

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院民俗学研究所,上海200241

出　　处：《民俗研究》2021年第5期109-118,160,共11页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：顾颉刚的孟姜女研究是五四新文化运动这一时代思潮的产物。从士大夫塑造的知礼的杞梁妻到民众塑造的纵情任欲的孟姜女,该研究体现了顾颉刚对旧礼制的批判和对新道德的追求。在其交叠的叙述中,女性成为其批判旧礼制、传达新道德的载体。一方面,民众被塑造成与士大夫阶层相对的、未受礼制熏陶的、富于情感的人,是中华民族依然保持着活力的象征,而女性作为民俗学者眼中最多情的群体,又成为民众的代表;另一方面,女性被塑造成封建礼制的牺牲品,是"奴隶的奴隶",因而,女性的生存状况便成为衡量一个社会文明程度的标尺,将女性从家族的桎梏中解放出来,赋予其自由平等的人性便具有了正当性。Gu Jiegang’s studies in the legend of Meng Jiangnv is a product of New Culture Movement.From Qi Liang’s wife,who,portrayed by the literati,knew ritual propriety,to Meng Jiangnv,who,portrayed by common people,never held down her feelings,Gu showed his criticism to the old ritual system as well as his pursuit of new morality.In his narratives,women become an important vehicle for his criticism and pursuit.On the one hand,the common people are portrayed as the uncultivated,emotionally rich people that are opposed to the literati,but they are the symbol of the Chinese nation’s continued vitality.And women are the most sentimental group in the folklorists’eyes,so they become the representative of common people.On the other hand,women are portrayed as the victims of the feudal ritual system,the“slaves of slaves”,so the survival of women became the yardstick to measure the civilization of a society.From this perspective,it is inherently reasonable to restore women as a free and equal human being.

关 键 词：顾颉刚 孟姜女故事研究 民众 礼制 自由平等的人性 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]