数据主权冲突下的跨境电子数据取证研究  

Research on the Cross-border Electronic Evidence Collection under the Conflict of Data Sovereignty Jurisdiction

作　　者：廖斌 刘敏娴 Liao Bin;Liu Minxian

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学法学院,广西南宁530006 [2]安徽师范大学法治中国建设研究院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《法学杂志》2021年第8期147-161,共15页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据、人工智能背景下公安法治建设研究”(项目编号:19ZD166)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：电子数据主权管辖的立法主要有数据控制者管辖模式和数据存储地管辖模式,这两种主权管辖模式的冲突对跨境数据电子数据取证具有较大影响。我国司法机关在数据主权存在管辖冲突的情况下进行跨境电子取证,应坚持国际礼让与互惠、安全保护等原则。为了更好地贯彻总体国家安全观,我国跨境电子数据取证的路径建构应从制度弥补与运行机制入手。一是在立法层面明确我国境内存储的跨境电子数据取证范围和程序,明确我国请求存储于他国的数据的跨境取证的方式,明确对来源不明晰的数据跨境取证的管辖范围和法律适用。二是在制度运行上,制定并增设风险评估机制、规范云服务提供者的审查义务,执行关键信息的报批义务;建立数据"白名单"制度,在国际法框架内积极推进多边协作,为跨境电子取证的数据主权问题提供"中国方案"。The legislation of electronic data sovereignty jurisdiction mainly includes the mode of data controller jurisdiction and the mode of data storage place jurisdiction,the conflict of these two modes of sovereignty jurisdiction has a great impact on the cross-border electronic evidence collection.The cross-border electronic evidence collection under the jurisdiction conflict of data sovereignty in China should adhere to principles of international comity and reciprocity,security protection and so on,and perfecting the system of cross-border electronic evidence collection.In order to better implement the holistic national security concept,the construction of cross-border electronic evidence collection path should be improved in terms of system compensation and operation mechanism.Firstly,from the legislative level,to clarify the scope and procedures of cross-border electronic evidence collection stored in China;to clarify the manner in which we request cross-border electronic evidence of data stored in other countries;to clarify the jurisdiction and legal application of cross-border electronic evidence on data of unknown origin.Secondly,in the operation of system,to formulate and add risk assessment mechanism,regulate the review obligation of cloud service providers,and implement the reporting and approval obligation of key information;to establish a"white list"system of data,actively promote multilateral cooperation within the framework of international law,so as to provide a"China Plan"for the data sovereignty of cross-border electronic evidence collection.

关 键 词：数据主权 跨境电子取证 跨境取证原则 取证路径 白名单制度 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D915.2[政治法律—法学]