甘肃临夏一种野生草莓资源的鉴定及其花芽分化特性分析  

Identification and Floral Bud Differentiation Analysis of One Wild Strawberry Accession from Linxia City,Gansu Province

作　　者：庞夫花[1] 石光农 陈晓东[1] 袁华招[1] 王静[1] 蔡伟建[1] 王珑静 赵密珍[1] PANG Fu-hua;SHI Guang-nong;CHEN Xiao-dong;YUAN Hua-zhao;WANG Jing;CAI Wei-jian;WANG Long-jing;ZHAO Mi-zhen(Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014;Linxia Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Gansu Linxia 731100)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省高校园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014 [2]临夏市农业技术推广服务中心,甘肃临夏731100

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第5期1273-1280,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000203);国家园艺种质资源库项目(NHGRC2020-NH16);农业部作物种质资源保护项目(19200361)~~。

摘　　要：国家果树种质南京草莓资源圃中引自甘肃临夏的一种野生草莓资源种类尚未确定。通过对其原生境下的植株姿态、叶型、匍匐茎抽生习性、花性、果实以及染色体数目等特性进行观察以确定其分类归属。该材料植株矮小、三出复叶,偶有五叶,聚伞花序,3~5朵/序,两性花;果实红色,卵圆形、短圆柱形,种子凹,萼片平展或略反折;单轴分枝;二倍体(2n=2x=14),比对分类目录检索表认为该野生资源属于中国草莓(Fragaria chinensis Losinsk.)。中国草莓在原生境下,3月开始萌动,5月初显蕾,6月中旬果实成熟,7月中旬开始花芽分化,历时约60 d,平均温度为10~25℃,分化前30 d分化率达75%,期间抽生匍匐茎,9月下旬叶片发黄,11月叶片干枯,植株进入休眠;通过原生境(甘肃临夏)与南京气候因子的比较分析,探讨了影响草莓花芽分化的气候因子,初步确定了中国草莓引入南京不开花的原因。One wild strawberry accession,which was collected from Linxia city,Gansu province is conserved in the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Nanjing,China.In order to identify its taxonomy,the main taxonomical characters such as plant posture,leaflet type,stolon branching,flower sex,fruit shape and chromosome number have been investigated in the natural habitat(Linxia city,Gansu province).Plant(diploid,2 n=2 x=14)is slender with trifoliate leaves(rarely quinquefoliolate);inflorescences are in cymes with 3 to 5 bisexual flowers per inflorescence;fruits are red,oval or short cylindrical;achenes are sunken;Calyxes are flat or slightly inversely curving;the runners are monopodial.This wild accession has been identified F.chinensis Losinsk..In the natural habitat,plants generally germinate in March,bud appears in early May,and fruit ripens in mid-June.The floral bud differentiation has initiated since the middle of July(lasting for 60 days at 10 to 25℃),while 75%of floral bud have differentiated in the first 30 days.The leaves turned yellow in late September,withered in November before the dormancy.Based on the comparative analysis of climatic factors(Linxia and Nanjing),we discussed the environmental factors that associated to the flower bud differentiation of strawberry,as well as the reasons that resulted in a compromised flowering of F.chinensis Losinsk.in Nanjing.

关 键 词：野生草莓 分类鉴定 花芽分化 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]