平行于雷电流通道同轴线耦合特性分析  

Coupling Characteristics of Coaxial Line Parallel to Lightning Current Channel

作　　者：李祥超[1] 储蕾 文巧莉 欧阳文 LI Xiangchao;CHU Lei;WEN Qiaoli;OUYANG Wen(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2021年第4期1-9,15,共10页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFC1501505)。

摘　　要：针对舰船桅杆和高塔上的同轴线缆近距离耦合雷电电磁脉冲的问题,通过对同轴耦合理论的分析,建立同轴线缆近距离耦合雷电电磁脉冲的实验模型。采用组合波发生器模拟8/20μs雷电流波形,用长1 m直径16 mm的金属棒模拟雷电通道并作为辐射源,改变同轴线缆的长度以及距辐射源的距离进行试验。得出以下结论:同轴线缆近距离耦合雷电波时,线缆终端所得的电压波形仍为双指数波,在0.1~0.4μs有强烈的阻尼震荡,当线缆终端开路或接匹配电阻时,上升沿时间较短,约为1μs;当线缆终端屏蔽层接地时,上升沿时间变长,约为10μs。同轴线缆近距离耦合到的峰值电压以及能量与线缆长度呈正相关,与距辐射源的距离成反相关。线缆所耦合到的能量主要来自低频部分,100 Hz以下有多个能量峰。采用拟合曲线,由实验数据可得,当同轴线缆终端开路,雷电流达30 kA,线缆长度为30 m,距雷电通道15 cm处,线缆终端耦合到的线间电压峰值达66 V。这在实际的电磁脉冲防护应用中,有一定的指导意义和价值。Aiming at the problem of short-range coupling lightning electromagnetic pulse of coaxial cable on ship mast and tower,through the analysis on the theory of coaxial coupling,the experimental model of short-range coupling lightning electromagnetic pulse of coaxial cable is established.The combined wave generator is used to simulate the 8/20μs lightning current waveform,and the metal rod with a length of 1 m and a diameter of 16 mm is used to simulate the lightning channel as the radiation source.Test by changing the length of coaxial cable and the distance from the radiation source.The conclusion is as follows:the terminal voltage waveform of coaxial cable short-distance coupling lightning wave is still double exponential wave,with strong damping oscillation at 0.1~0.4μs.When the cable terminal is open circuit or connected with matching resistance,the rising time is shorter,about 1μs;when the cable terminal shielding layer is grounded,the rising time is longer,about 10μs.The peak voltage and energy coupled to the coaxial cable at short distance are positively correlated with the cable length,and inversely correlated with the distance from the radiation source.The energy that the cable is coupled mainly comes from the low-frequency part,and there are multiple energy peaks below 100 Hz.Using fitting curve and experimental data,when the coaxial cable terminal is open circuit,the lightning current reaches 30 kA,the cable length is 30 m,and the distance from the lightning channel is 15 cm,the peak value of the voltage coupled to the cable terminal is 66 V.It has certain guiding significance and value in the practical application of electromagnetic pulse protection.

关 键 词：同轴线缆 8/20μs雷电波 耦合 电压峰值 能量 

分 类 号：TM863[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]