施氮量对不同油酸含量大花生产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on the Yield and Quality of Different Oleic Peanuts

作　　者：杨正 肖思远 陈思宇 刘晶[1] 朱文娟 徐茜 李林[2] 郭峰[3] 兰时乐[1] YANG Zheng;XIAO Siyuan;CHEN Siyu;LIU Jing;ZHU Wenjuan;XU Qian;LI Lin;GUO Feng;LAN Shile(College of Bioscience and Biotechenology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultual University,Changsha 410128,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第9期44-52,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906)。

摘　　要：为明确北方普通油酸和高油酸大花生品种在湖南水稻土上种植的适宜施氮量,以普通油酸大花生品种花育22(HY22)和高油酸大花生品种冀花16(JH16)为试验材料,采用随机区组试验,设N0(0 kg/hm^(2),CK)、N1(120 kg/hm^(2))、N2(240 kg/hm^(2))3个施氮量水平,测定各生育时期花生的生长发育指标、叶片氮代谢关键酶活性以及产量和品质。结果表明,花育22在N1处理下具有更高的氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率,全生育期内叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性最高,N1、N2处理荚果产量较N0处理分别提高23.26%、15.17%,N1处理籽仁总氨基酸、粗蛋白含量较N0和N2处理分别提高了6.46%、8.36%和7.25%、8.16%。冀花16在N2处理下具有更高的氮肥农学利用率,N2处理饱果数、饱果质量、饱仁质量、百仁质量均显著高于N1和N0处理,N1和N2处理荚果产量较N0处理分别提高13.58%和50.89%,籽仁油酸、亚油酸含量较N0处理分别提高6.46%、49.67%和6.00%、43.46%。综上,花育22生产上应施中量氮肥(120 kg/hm^(2))以增产提质,冀花16应施高量氮肥(240 kg/hm^(2))以大幅提高产量。In order to determine the suitable amount of nitrogen application for Northern common oleic acid and high oleic acid peanut varieties planted on paddy soil in Hunan Province,the common oleic acid peanut variety Huayu 22(HY22)and high oleic acid peanut variety Jihua 16(JH16)were used as experimental materials.Three nitrogen application levels of N0(0 kg/ha,CK),N1(120 kg/ha)and N2(240 kg/ha)were set,and the growth and development indexes,activities of key enzymes of leaf nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality of peanut were determined.The results showed that Huayu 22 had higher partial nitrogen productivity and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency under N1 treatment.Glutamine synthetase(GS)activity and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)activity of leaves were the highest during the whole growth period.Pod yields of N1 and N2 treatments were 23.26%and 15.17%higher than that of N0 treatment,respectively.Total amino acid and crude protein contents of kernels of N1 treatment were 6.46%,8.36%and 7.25%,8.16%higher than those of N0 and N2 treatments,respectively.Jihua 16 had higher agronomic nitrogen use efficiency under N2 treatment.The number of full fruits,full fruit weight,full kernel weight and 100 kernel weight of N2 treatment were significantly higher than those of N1 and N0 treatments.The pod yields of N1 and N2 treatments were 13.58%and50.89%higher than that of N0 treatment,respectively,and the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid in kernel were 6.46%,49.67%and 6.00%,43.46%higher than those of N0 treatment.In conclusion,medium amount of nitrogen fertilizer(120 kg/ha)should be applied to Huayu 22 to increase yield and quality,and high amount of nitrogen fertilizer(240 kg/ha)should be applied to Jihua 16 to increase yield.

关 键 词：大花生 油酸含量 施氮量 农艺性状 产量 品质 氮代谢关键酶 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]