Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)胁迫下对开蕨配子体发育的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Gametophyte Development of Phyllitis japonica under Cd^(2+) and Pb^(2+) Stress

作　　者：王梓丞 杨硕[1] 关旸[1,2] 刘保东 WANG Zicheng;YANG Shuo;GUAN Yang;LIU Baodong(Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Biology,College of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]黑龙江普通高等学校植物生物学重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第9期128-134,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770350);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12541236);哈尔滨师范大学硕士研究生创新项目(HSDSSCX2019-14)。

摘　　要：为明确重金属污染对对开蕨配子体生长发育的影响,探究对开蕨濒危的内在原因,以对开蕨配子体为材料,分别设置土壤中不同含量Cd^(2+)(0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg)和Pb^(2+)(20、40、80 mg/kg)对其配子体进行单因素胁迫培养,应用光学显微镜对配子体形态结构进行比较观察,并统计了心形原叶体、精子器、颈卵器的形成时间以及精子器、颈卵器等数量的变化情况。结果表明,Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)对对开蕨配子体精子器形成时间无显著影响,但对心形原叶体、颈卵器形成时间以及精子器、颈卵器、假根、毛状体数量影响显著。在0.4 mg/kg Cd^(2+)、40 mg/kg Pb^(2+)胁迫下,对开蕨配子体叶绿体变黄,并伴有叶绿体溶解的现象;在0.4 mg/kg Cd^(2+)、40 mg/kg Pb^(2+)胁迫下,精子器细胞壁出现发黄现象,排出的精细胞也呈现黄色;在0.2 mg/kg Cd^(2+)胁迫下,颈卵器顶端到底部颜色逐渐发黄,而在20 mg/kg Pb^(2+)胁迫下,颈卵器从底部向顶端逐渐变黄;在0.8 mg/kg Cd^(2+)、80 mg/kg Pb^(2+)胁迫下,假根出现褐变、弯曲的现象,且在80 mg/kg Pb^(2+)胁迫下,假根出现渗漏现象。0.2 mg/kg Cd^(2+)、20 mg/kg Pb^(2+)对对开蕨配子体的影响较小,但随着Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)含量的增加,对开蕨配子体生长所受影响增大,其形态结构发生严重变化。In order to clarify the effect of heavy metal pollution on the growth and development of gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica,and explore the internal causes of the endangered Phyllitis japonica,the gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica were used as materials,the gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica were cultured with different concentrations of Cd^(2+)(0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/kg)and Pb^(2+)(20,40,80 mg/kg)under single factor stress,the morphology and structure of gametophytes were observed by optical microscope,and the appearance time of cordate prothallus,antheridia and archegonia,as well as the changes in the number of antheridia,archegonia and so on were recorded.The results showed that,Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)had no significant effect on antheridia appearance time,but had significant effect on cordate prothallus appearance time,archegonia appearance time and the number of antheridia,archegonia,pseudo-root and trichomes in the gametophyte of Phyllitis japonica.Under 0.4 mg/kgCd^(2+),40 mg/kg Pb^(2+)stress,chloroplast of gametophyte of Phyllitis japonica turned yellow,and chloroplast dissolution was also observed.Under 0.4 mg/kg Cd^(2+),40 mg/kg Pb^(2+)stress,the cell wall of the antheridia appeared yellow and damaged,and the discharged sperm also appeared yellow.Under 0.2 mg/kg Cd^(2+)stress,the archegonia turned yellow gradually from the top to the bottom,while under the stress of 20 mg/kg Pb^(2+),the archegonia turned yellow gradually from the bottom to the top.Under 0.8 mg/kg Cd^(2+),80 mg/kg Pb^(2+)stress,the pseudo-root got brown and bent,and under 80 mg/kg Pb^(2+)stress,pseudo-root leakage occurred.0.2 mg/kg Cd^(2+)and 20 mg/kg Pb^(2+)stress had little effect on the gametophyte growth,but with the increase of Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)content,the gametophyte growth of Phyllitis japonica was affected more,and their morphological structure changed seriously.

关 键 词：对开蕨 配子体 精子器 颈卵器 假根 Cd^(2+)胁迫 Pb^(2+)胁迫 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]