聚酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微塑料对异菌脲土壤环境行为的影响  

Effects of polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate microplastics on environmental behaviors of iprodione in soil

作　　者：赵雪君 李达 刘士领 王鸣华[1] ZHAO Xuejun;LI Da;LIU Shiling;WANG Minghua(College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第5期986-994,共9页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200207).

摘　　要：微塑料可以吸附环境中的有机污染物,可能会影响农药在土壤中的降解、吸附和迁移等环境行为,其影响与微塑料和农药的类型有关。为明确微塑料对异菌脲在土壤中环境行为的影响,通过室内模拟试验,研究了聚酰胺(PA)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微塑料对异菌脲在土壤中吸附、迁移、淋溶和降解的影响。研究结果表明:含2%(质量分数,下同)PMMA土壤和含2%PA土壤的土壤吸附常数(Kf)分别是对照土壤的2.9倍和1.2倍;在pH 4~7范围内,土壤对异菌脲的吸附容量随pH值的增加而增加;异菌脲在对照土壤、含2%PA土壤、含2%PMMA土壤中的比移值(Rf)分别为0.12、0.097和0.091,在第一段土柱中的含量分别为85.4%、100%和100%;异菌脲在对照土壤、含2%PA土壤和含2%PMMA土壤中的降解半衰期分别为19.8、26.7和40.8 d。研究表明,微塑料通过提高土壤对农药异菌脲的吸附能力,抑制了异菌脲在土壤中的迁移和淋溶,延长了其在土壤中的降解半衰期,因而可能会加剧其对表层土壤环境的威胁。Organic pollutants in the environment may be absorbed by microplastics,which may affect the degradation,adsorption and migration of pesticides in soil.The impact is related to the types of microplastics and pesticides.To clarify the effects of microplastics on the environmental behavior of iprodione in soil,the impacts of microplastic of polyamide(PA)and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)on the adsorption,migration,leaching and degradation of iprodione in soil were investigated under simulated indoor conditions.The results showed that the soil sorption constants(Kf)of soil with 2%PMMA and soil with 2%PA were 2.9 and 1.2 times higher than those of the control soil,respectively.The adsorption capacity of soil for iprodione increased with the increase of pH in the range of pH 4-7.The Rf values of iprodione in the control soil,soil with 2%PA and soil with 2%PMMA were 0.12,0.097 and 0.091,respectively.The concentration of iprodione in the first soil column of the control soil,soil with 2%PA and soil with 2%PMMA were 85.4%,100%and 100%,respectively.The degradation half-lives of iprodione in the control soil,soil with 2%PA and soil with 2%PMMA were 19.8,26.7 and 40.8 d,respectively.Microplastics reduced the mobility and prolonged the soil degradation half-life of iprodione by enhancing the soil sorption capacity of iprodione,which aggravated the threat of pesticide to the surface soil environment.

关 键 词：微塑料 聚酰胺 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 异菌脲 土壤吸附 土壤降解 迁移 淋溶 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.26[农业科学—植物保护]