“博顿草案”大辩论与战后初期美国东亚战略重心的转移  

The Debate of“Burton Draft”and the U.S.Initial Shift of the Strategic Focus in East Asia in the Early Post-War Period

作　　者：赵志辉[1] 孙鋆 ZHAO Zhi-hui;SUN Jun

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院 [2]宁波惠贞书院,金华321004

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2021年第5期145-153,238,共10页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(07BSS017)。

摘　　要："博顿草案"是美国国务院远东司于1947年3月起草的一份对日和约草案。由于冷战的兴起和东亚形势的变化,该草案一经提出便充满争议。尽管博顿两次修改这份草案,但由于其始终未能摆脱战时罗斯福政府扶持中国、压制日本的东亚构想,所以围绕对日媾和与东亚战略重心议题,美国国务院、军方、盟军驻日最高统帅部等各方展开了激烈的外交辩论。在大辩论后期,以乔治·凯南为首的美国国务院政策设计室强势介入,他们从美国全球遏制战略的思维出发,重新审视东亚战略并主导了对日媾和问题,先后出台了PPS10号与PPS13号文件。这两份文件是美国东亚战略的指导性文件,终结了对"博顿草案"的外交辩论。其后,由于冷战的需要,美国东亚政策的重心逐渐从中国转向日本,在改造日本的同时,将日本变成保障美国的东亚安全、推行遏制战略的重要基地。围绕"博顿草案"的大辩论不仅使得美国东亚战略制定的主导权从国务院远东司转向政策设计室,同时,也促使战后初期美国东亚战略重心发生转移。The“Burton Draft”was a peace treaty with Japan completed by the Far East Division of the US State Department in March 1947.Due to the rapid changes of international situation,the draft has been controversial since it was put forward.Although Burton revised the draft twice,he could not get rid of the idea that the Roosevelt Administration supported China and suppressed Japan.Focusing on the issue,the U.S.State Department,the military,the Supreme Allied Command in Japan engaged in a heated diplomatic debate.And then Policy Planning Staff of the U.S.State Department,headed by Kennan,stepped in forcefully,reviewed the East Asia Strategy and dominated the issue by the PPS10 and PPS13 document,which became the guiding document for U.S.strategy in East Asia,ending the diplomatic debate.The U.S.policy in East Asia gradually shifted from China to Japan,and Japan became an important base for safeguarding the U.S.security in East Asia and carrying out the containment strategy.The debate of“Burton Draft”marked the initial shift of U.S.strategic focus in East Asia.

关 键 词：“博顿草案” 美国东亚战略 休·博顿 美国国务院政策设计室 乔治·凯南 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]