基于大涡模拟的风力机尾流特性研究  

Study of Wake Characteristics of Wind Turbine Based on Large-Eddy Simulation

作　　者：杨从新[1,2] 张亚光 张旭耀 何攀[1] YANG Cong-xin;ZHANG Ya-guang;ZHANG Xu-yao;HE Pan(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Gansu Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and System,Gansu Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省流体机械及系统重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2021年第10期33-37,41,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展(973计划)风力机非定常空气动力学机理和高精度数值模拟研究(项目编号:2014CB046201)。

摘　　要：耦合大涡模拟(Large-Eddy Simulation,LES)与致动线方法(Actuator Line Method,ALM),对均匀入流下的水平轴风力机作数值模拟研究,探究三种亚格子(Subgrid-Scale,SGS)模型下风力机的尾流特性。结果表明:雷诺应力与湍流切应力在叶尖涡与叶根涡区有明显的最大值与极大值,尾迹随下游位置的变化呈现出逐渐增大的各向同性;平均速度亏损比产生的湍流更持久。不同SGS模型在相同叶尖速比下得到的轴向速度干扰因子和速度环量沿叶片径向分布几乎相同。相同位置处的尾涡由不同强度的涡旋组成,能量较小的涡旋是尾涡组成中的主要部分;尾流发展的过程中,强度较大的涡集中在尾涡中心,强度较小的涡在尾涡外围分布。对于所使用的三种亚格子模型,能预测出相似的尾流效应,亚格子模型的选择对尾流的模拟影响较小;νSGS=0时,求解过程只有数值耗散,仍能获得很好的模拟结果。In this paper,the Large-Eddy Simulation(LES)and the Actuator Line Method(ALM)were coupled to simulate the horizontal axis wind turbine under uniform inflow.The wake characteristics of wind turbine under three SGS models are discussed.The results show that reynolds stress and turbulent shear stress have obvious maximum and maxima values in the tip vortex and root vortex region.The wake increases isotropy gradually with the change of downstream position and the average velocity defect is more durable than the generated turbulence.The axial velocity interference factors and velocity circulation along the blade radial direction are almost the same when use different SGS models under the same tip velocity ratio.The wake vortex at the same position is composed of vortices with different strength,and the vortex with smaller energy is the main part of the composition of the wake vortex.During the development of the wake,the vortex with stronger intensity is concentrated in the center of the wake vortex,and the vortex of smaller intensity is distributed in the periphery of the wake vortex.It can predict similar wake characteristics for used three SGS models,and the choice of SGS model has less influence on the simulation of wake.The solving process only has numerical dissipation whenνSGS get the value of zero,and it still obtains good simulation results.

关 键 词：风力机尾流 大涡模拟 致动线 亚格子模型 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]