性比自调节:捕食性天敌异色瓢虫爆发成因  

Sex ratio self-balancing:the mechanism of predatory multicolored lady beetles outbreak

作　　者：王雪 付雪 赛序岐[1] 王佳佳 于慧龄 叶乐夫 WANG Xue;FU Xue;SAI Xuqi;WANG Jiajia;YU Huiling;YE Lefu(College of Agriculture of Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2021年第5期119-125,共7页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：东北农业大学学术骨干项目(518501);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费基础研究项目(KJCX201820);国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2017YFD0300506)。

摘　　要：异色瓢虫在各种逆境因子下,雌雄个体表现出不同的耐受性,从而出现性比失衡;该物种会做出怎样的不同于其他物种的响应,保持较高的繁殖力和适应性,可以解释这种捕食性天敌为何在全球爆发。试验设置了5个性别配比组合(雌∶雄=1∶9,3∶7,5∶5,7∶3,9∶1)。观测了产卵量、孵化率、子代发育历期等生命表参数。结果表明:①性比为1∶1的人工种群单雌产卵量最大,每雌繁殖率最高;②种群中雌虫越多,总产卵量越大;③雄虫少的种群中雌虫寿命长。由此推测:异色瓢虫的最佳性比是1∶1,当种群受到对特异性别明显不利或有利的环境变化因素作用后,这个物种在性比上会做出一定的响应,而且总能在逆境因子解除后通过一代繁殖恢复到最佳性比。当异色瓢虫种群为最佳性比时,繁殖力最强;自然种群中性比总能平衡在最佳值,即具备突出的性比自调节能力,可能是异色瓢虫爆发的重要原因之一。Under various adversity factors,male and female multicolored lady beetles individuals show different tolerances,resulting in imbalance of sex ratio.Understanding the species to respond differently from other species and maintain high fecundity and adaptability can explain why this predatory natural enemy breaks out in the world.In this experiment,5 SR(female∶male=1∶9,3∶7,5∶5,7∶3,9∶1)treatments were set up,and oviposition,hatching rate,development duration,and other traits were observed.The results showed that:①Populations with a 1∶1 SR had the highest oviposition number and reproductive rate per female,and shorter larvae&pupae developmental time.②The populations with more females laid more eggs.③The female lifespan was longer when there were fewer males.It can be inferred that the optimal sex ratio of multicolored lady beetles is 1∶1.When the population is affected by environmental factors that are obviously unfavorable or favorable to the specific sex,the species will respond to the sex ratio to a certain extent,and can always recover to the optimal sex ratio through one gen eration reproduction after the stress factor is removed.While on the optimal sex ratio,the fecundity of multicolored lady beetles is the strongest;the natural population′s sex ratio can always be balanced at the best value,that is,it has outstanding self-regulation ability of sex ratio,which may be one of the important reasons for the outbreak of multicolored lady beetles.

关 键 词：异色瓢虫 性比 繁殖力 爆发 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q968.2[生物学—昆虫学]