农村订单定向医学毕业生参与新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控情况研究  

Cross-sectional Study of Target Admission General Practitioners'Participation in Combating COVID-19 Pandemic

作　　者：程昊哲 王子岳 张柏松 王惠娟 魏添添 程晓冉 李明月 胡丹 刘晓云 CHENG Haozhe;WANG Ziyue;ZHANG Baisong;WANG Huijuan;WEI Tiantian;CHENG Xiaoran;LI Mingyue;HU Dan;LIU Xiaoyun(School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;China Center for Health Development Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京市100191 [2]北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京市100191

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2021年第31期4003-4008,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：美国中华医学基金会项目(CMB 14-201)。

摘　　要：背景新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情防控期间,基层卫生工作者起到了十分重要的作用。我国于2010年发文启动实施农村订单定向医学生免费培养工作,从2015年起至今已有数届订单定向医学生完成了本科学业,其在疫情防控中的工作情况值得关注。目的调查订单定向毕业生和其他临床五年制毕业生参与新冠肺炎疫情防控工作情况,分析订单定向毕业生在疫情防控中发挥的作用及存在的困难与挑战,并提出针对性政策建议。方法本研究数据来源于“订单定向医学生队列研究”项目,本次随访调查于2020年9月采用电子问卷形式开展,有效随访我国中西部4所医学院校2015—2019届共1631例订单定向毕业生和1009例其他临床五年制毕业生,调查内容包括基本信息、基本工作情况、疫情期间工作情况等。结果在调查期间处于工作状态的毕业生中,订单定向毕业生的疫情防控工作参与率高于其他临床五年制毕业生〔70.18%(1113/1586)比51.58%(293/568),P<0.05〕。订单定向毕业生中,男性参与率高于女性(P<0.05),2015—2016届参与率高于2017—2019届(P<0.05),已婚者参与率高于未婚/离异/其他婚姻状况者(P<0.05)。在参与疫情防控工作的订单定向毕业生中,参与较多的服务类别为健康宣传与教育〔88.59%(986/1113)〕、社区防疫与管理〔85.62%(953/1113)〕、核酸检测与筛查〔67.30%(749/1113)〕,面临的常见挑战为缺少防护设备〔77.72%(865/1113)〕、工作量和/或工作压力太大〔41.87%(466/1113)〕、担心自己或家人被感染〔37.56%(418/1113)〕,认为疫情防控期间的日常临床工作量、日常公共卫生工作量增多的人员占比分别为57.50%(640/1113)和62.26%(693/1113)。结论订单定向毕业生在疫情防控过程中承担了多项重要工作,对全国的疫情防控发挥了不可忽视的作用,但是同时存在着防护设备不足、工作压力过大等问题。建议进�Background Primary healthcare workers have played an important role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.Beginning in 2010,China initiated a national policy of implementing the rural-oriented tuition-free medical education(RTME)program,aiming to train general practitioners(GPs)with a medical undergraduate degree to work in rural areas to address the shortage of rural physicians.Since 2015,many graduates with RTME returned to the contracted rural hospital to fulfill a 3-year obliged health services,and their performance in combating COVID-19 epidemic is worth to be concerned about.Objective To compare the participation and role of target admission GPs and other graduates trained with a five-year undergraduate degree program for clinical medical students in combating COVID-19 pandemic,and to analyze the duties and challenges for target admission GPs during the anti-pandemic period,then based on this,to put forward policy recommendations for incentivizing target admission GPs.Methods The data were sourced from the Target Admission Medical Students Cohort Study Program.We conducted a follow-up survey among 1631 target admission GPs and 1009 other clinical medical graduates graduating from 4 medical colleges in central and western China using an online questionnaire in September 2020.Basic demographics,job information and work status during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected.Results Among those who were employed in the study period,target admission GPs had a higher rate of participating in combating COVID-19 pandemic than other clinical medical graduates〔70.18%(1113/1586)vs 51.58%(293/568),P<0.05〕.Among target admission GPs,men had a higher rate of being involved in combating COVID-19 pandemic than women(P<0.05);those admitted in 2015 and 2016 had a higher rate of being involved in combating COVID-19 pandemic than those admitted during 2017 to 2019(P<0.05);and those who were married had a higher rate of being involved in combating COVID-19 pandemic than those who were unmarried/divorced/other marital status(P<0.05

关 键 词：全科医生 农村订单定向医学生 新型冠状病毒肺炎 疫情防控 教育 医学 初级卫生保健 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]