论哲学修养  

On the Cultivation of Philosophy

作　　者：郁振华[1] YU Zhenhua

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2021年第5期58-74,197,共18页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：从工夫论入手探讨“哲学何为”这类元哲学问题,绕不开哲学修养。古代哲学视哲学为生活方式,修养是哲学的核心任务。在近/现代,哲学经历了一个职业化的过程,职业化的哲学专注于理论话语的建构,修养问题被边缘化了。在当代视域中重访哲学修养,可以展开义理学说、穷理能力和哲理境界三个层次。前两方面的工夫构成哲学专长,体现了哲学的理论之维;更进一层的工夫指向哲理境界,彰显了哲学的实存之维。在此义理脉络中,我们将强调世界哲学的意识,阐明“好的哲学”的形式特征和实质指向(“哲学四喻”),并且为克服职业化之弊而重申哲学之为“生命的学问”或哲学之为“生活方式”的古典理想。Probing into the meta-philosophical question of"what is philosophy?"from the gongfu perspective,we can hardly bypass philosophical cultivation.Ancient philosophy viewed philosophy as a way of life,and self-cultivation was taken as the core task of philosophy.Since the modern times,philosophy has undergone a process of professionalization.Professional philosophy focuses on the construction of theoretical discourse,and the problem of self-cultivation has been marginalized.Revisiting philosophical cultivation in the contemporary perspective,we will disclose three consecutive levels,i.e.,philosophical knowing that,philosophical knowing how,and the philosophical sphere of living.The efforts on the first two levels constitute philosophical expertise,which embodies the theoretical dimension of philosophy;the further efforts on the third level point to the philosophical sphere of living and demonstrate the existential dimension of philosophy.In this context we will highlight the idea of world philosophy,clarify the formal features and the substantive orientation of"good philosophy"("the four metaphors of philosophy"),and reaffirm the classical ideal of philosophy as"the learning of life"or philosophy as"a way of life"in order to overcome the disadvantages of professionalism.

关 键 词：义理学说 穷理能力 哲理境界 哲学四喻 

分 类 号：B014[哲学宗教—哲学理论]