数据治理视阈下数据权力与数据权利研究:存续逻辑、冲突悖论与完善进路  

Research on Data Power and Data Right from the Perspective of Data Governance:Survival Logic,Conflict Paradox and Optimization Approach

作　　者：雷浩伟 廖秀健[1,2] Lei Haowei;Liao Xiujian(Research Center for Inner-party Laws and Regulations in Chongqing,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;School of Politics and Public Administration,Southwest Uni-versity of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学重庆市党内法规研究中心,重庆401120 [2]西南政法大学政治与公共管理学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2021年第5期22-33,共12页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人工智能发展中的重大风险防范体系研究”(20JZD026);中国法学会部级法学研究重大项目“中国特色社会主义国家制度和法律制度研究”(CLS(2019)A02)。

摘　　要：“数据+治理”引发的一系列社会治理新问题,本质上都是数据权交锋下的利益问题。基于数据治理视阈,从公私属性上可将数据权这一新的权属形态划分为数据“两权”,即数据权力和数据权利。以数据“两权”的主体依托和客体基础为切入点,探究数据“两权”的存续逻辑和生长周期,发现数据“两权”之间蕴藏着“竞争—合作”和“监管—自由”两大冲突悖论,而破解这一冲突悖论面临着制度、技术、主体和观念等多方面的困境。对此,建议遵循“制度—技术—主体—观念”一体四维建设思路,通过加快数据权制度建构与完善、加强技术创新和人才培养、建立数据权主体新型关系、细化完善“数据权力—数据责任”和“数据权利—数据义务”规则体系、树立正确的数权法治观念等路径,确保数据“两权”冲突悖论有效破解,推动“数据+治理”耦合增效。A series of new social governance issues triggered by"data+governance"are essentially issues of interest under the confrontation of data rights.Based on the perspective of data governance,the new form of ownership of data rights can be divided into"two rights"of data from the perspective of public and private attributes,namely data power and data right.Taking the subject support and object foundation of data power and data right as the breakthrough point,this study explored the survival logic and growth cycle of the"two rights",and found that there are two major conflicts between the two paradoxes of"competition-cooperation"and"regulation-freedom".And to solve this conflict paradox is faced with the dilemma of system,technology,subject and concept.In this regard,it is recommended to follow the integrated four-dimensional construction idea of"system-technology-subject-concept",and promote the effective solution of the paradox of data power and data right through the five major paths,such as accelerating the construction and improvement of the data rights system,strengthening technological innovation and personnel training,establishing a new relationship between data rights subjects,refining and improving the"data power-data responsibility"and"data right-data obligations"rule system,and establishing a correct concept of the rule of law for data rights,so as to ensure the coupling and efficiency of"data+governance".

关 键 词：数据权力 数据权利 数据治理 存续逻辑 冲突悖论 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]