盗伐、滥伐林木罪的重要问题  

Major Issues Regarding the Crime of Illegally Chopping Down Trees and the Crime of Arbitrarily Chopping Down Trees

作　　者：张明楷[1] Zhang Mingkai

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2021年第5期1-17,共17页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：将国家对森林资源的管理制度或者管理秩序作为滥伐林木罪的保护法益,并不理想;滥伐林木罪的保护法益应是森林资源及其合理利用,盗伐林木罪的保护法益则还包括国家、集体和他人对生长中的林木的所有权。盗伐林木罪与滥伐林木不是对立关系,而是特别关系;凡是没有取得采伐许可证,或者虽然取得了采伐许可证,但违反许可的地点、数量、种类等要求砍伐林木的,都属于滥伐林木;在此基础上侵犯了他人对生长中的林木的所有权的行为,则成立盗伐林木罪;非法占有目的不应是盗伐林木罪的主观要素,只需要根据客观要素判断对行为是以滥伐林木罪论处还是以盗伐林木罪论处。盗伐林木罪与故意毁坏财物罪是法条竞合中的特别关系,但盗伐林木罪与盗窃罪不是特别关系,二者可能成立想象竞合;盗伐、滥伐林木罪的既遂标准是林木被采伐,而不是行为人占有了被采伐的林木;滥伐自己所有的林木的行为虽然构成滥伐林木罪,但所采伐的林木不应作为违法所得予以追缴。It is not ideal to take the national management system or the management order of forest resources as the legally protected interest of the crime of arbitrarily chopping down trees.The legally protected interest of the crime of arbitrarily chopping down trees should be the protection of forest resources and their rational utilization,while the legally protected interest of the crime of illegally chopping down trees should further include the ownership of the growing trees owned by the state,the collective organizations and other individuals.The crime of illegally chopping down trees is not opposite to the crime of arbitrarily chopping down trees,the former is the special law to the latter.Those acts of deforestation without the license to chop,or with the license to chop but in violation of the permitted chopping location,quantity and type,shall all be regarded as arbitrarily chopping;and based on this premise,those acts of deforestation with infringing the ownership of the growing trees,shall all be held as the crime of illegally chopping down trees.The purpose of illegal possession shall not be held as the subjective element of the crime of illegally chopping down trees,whereas,whether the disputed act is the crime of illegally chopping down trees or the crime of arbitrarily chopping down trees can be determined only according to the objective elements.The crime of illegally chopping down trees is the special law to the crime of intentional destruction of property,which means there may be overlaps of articles between these crimes.However,there are no special relations between the crime of illegally chopping down trees and the crime of theft,these two crimes may constitute imaginative jointer of crimes.The standard of accomplishment of the crime of illegally chopping down trees and arbitrarily chopping down trees shall be that trees or other forest woods are chopped down,not that the actor possesses the chopped trees.Although the act of arbitrarily chopping down one’s own trees may constitute the crime of arbi

关 键 词：盗伐林木罪 滥伐林木罪 保护法益 构成要件 盗窃罪 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]