大数据时代的权利演进与竞合:从隐私权、个人信息权到个人数据权  

The Evolution and Competition of Rights in the Era of Big Data:From Privacy Right,Personal Information Right to Personal Data Right

作　　者：郑飞 李思言 Zheng Fei;Li Siyan

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院 [2]重庆百事得律师事务所

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2021年第5期137-149,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：大数据时代数据的价值不断增长,与此同时,"大数据杀熟"、贩卖个人数据等侵权行为的出现使得个人数据的保护愈发重要,于是产生了个人数据权的需求。作为一种新型权利,其能否被证成仍然是学界争议之一,因此需要通过"一概念,两实证"的标准来对其进行权利证成。个人数据权作为一种人格权,其与隐私权、个人信息权之间存在着人身属性以及财产属性上的竞合。通过纵向研究隐私权、个人信息权到个人数据权的演进,不难发现三者之间存在着相互竞合却又独立的关系,而推动三者演进的原因在于科技进步带来的权利需求的变化、权利本身属性的变化,以及思想观念的转变。解决三者之间的竞合,首先要厘清权利范围的界限,其次可以选择通过明确权利适用原则、构建独立的隐私权体系或创设新的权利等方式来解决具体问题,最后还需要通过不断拓展关于权利竞合解决方式的理论研究及遴选具体实践操作中的优秀案例来促进该问题的有效解决。In the era of big data,the value of data continues to grow.At the same time,the emergence of infringements such as"big data killing"and personal data trafficking has made the protection of personal data increasingly important,which has created a demand for personal data rights.Of course,as a new type of right,whether it can be justified is still one of the academic controversies,so it is necessary to justify it through the"one concept,two empirical"standards.As a personality right,the right of personal data and the right of privacy and personal information are competing with each other in personal attributes and property attributes.Through longitudinal research on the evolution of privacy rights,personal information rights to personal data rights,it is not difficult to find that there is a mutually competing but independent relationship between the three.The reason for promoting the evolution of the three is the demand for rights brought about by technological progress.Changes,changes in the attributes of the rights themselves,and changes in ideological concepts.To resolve the competition and cooperation between the three,we must first clarify the boundaries of the scope of rights;secondly,we can choose to solve specific problems by clarifying the principles of rights application,constructing an independent privacy system,or creating new rights;finally,we need to continue to expand theoretical research on the solution of competing rights and the selection of outstanding cases in specific practical operations to promote the effective solution of the problem.

关 键 词：隐私权 个人信息权 个人数据权 权利演进 权利竞合 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]