火星的水环境演化  

Evolution of water environment on Mars

作　　者：刘洋 刘正豪[1,3] 吴兴 覃朗 武雨纯 张朝琳 赵振兴 周翔 邹永廖 LIU Yang;LIU Zhenghao;WU Xing;QIN Lang;WU Yuchun;ZHANG Chaolin;ZHAO Zhenxing;ZHOU Xiang;ZOU Yongliao(State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Center for Excellence in Com parative Planetology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230026,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心,安徽合肥230026 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地质学报》2021年第9期2725-2741,共17页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号42072337);民用航天预先研究项目(编号D020101,D020102)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：火星是太阳系中早期演化历史与地球非常相似的一颗行星,为了解火星的古气候环境以及火星是否存在过生命,火星的水环境历史一直是人们研究的热点问题。本文从火星历史上水对火星表面的改造痕迹介绍了水在火星演化过程中扮演的重要角色。水流、冰川、古湖泊与古海洋等与火星表面地形地貌演化以及矿物岩石形成与迁移过程等密切相关,它们的发育与消失受到火星古气候变迁的影响。关于火星古气候是暖湿还是干冷的问题一直存在争议,但是可以确定至少有短暂且持续的暖湿时期提供了水的活动条件。现今的火星表面寒冷干旱,但是火星的地下储存了冰层甚至可能有地下湖泊。随着近年来火星探测任务越来越频繁,人们将会在火星水演化历史上有更多新的发现。The early evolution history and environmental conditions on Mars are very similar to the Earth. In order to understand the paleoclimate of Mars, and whether there was life on Mars, the history of water environment on Mars has always been of interest. Here we introduce the important role of water in the evolution of Mars from the traces of water’s modification on the surface of Mars. Fluvial activity, glaciers, ancient lakes and ancient oceans all had a great influence on the evolution of Martian surface topography and the formation and migration of minerals and rocks as their development and disappearance were affected by the Martian paleoclimate. The question of whether the ancient climate on Mars was warm and wet, or dry and cold has been debated, but it is certain that at least a transient and persistent period of warm and wet climate provided the conditions for fluvial activity. The surface of Mars today is cold and dry, but the subsurface of Mars has ice sheet and even lakes. The Mars exploration mission has been more frequent in recent years, which can help to solve the enigma of the history of water evolution on Mars.

关 键 词：水环境 气候演化 含水矿物 地质历史 火星 

分 类 号：P185.3[天文地球—天文学]