《民法典》视域下股权让与担保的解释论路径  

Interpretation of the Approach of Equity Transfer Guarantee from the Perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：刘国栋[1,2] LIU Guo-dong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学博士后科研流动站 [2]吉林大学司法数据应用研究中心

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第5期5-15,共11页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2018年国家重点研发计划“公共安全风险防控与应急技术装备”(司法专题任务)、智慧司法智能化认知技术研究项目“基于案件诉辩材料的争议焦点智能归纳技术研究及系统研发”(2018YFC0832102)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：股权让与担保以移转股权的形式担保债权的实现,具有手段超越目的之特征,需要协调外在法律形式和实质担保目的之间的冲突。《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》把握到了股权让与担保交易的实质担保目的,其隐含的解释路径是"名为股权让与,实为债权担保",侧重于塑造类似于典型担保物权的新型担保权利,股权让与的外在形式因此丧失了法律上的意义。但这一做法难以得到合乎法理逻辑的解释,难以纳入现行的民法典物权体系。而《民法典》为股权让与担保解释路径的改进提供了规范指引和支撑,其在把握实质目的基础上,从外在法律形式和实质担保目的两个方面入手,维持股权转让形式的法律效力,以此来容纳当事人关于股权行使、公司经营与管理的自治安排,承认股权让与担保与股权质押的实质差异。鉴于股权让与担保涉及多元主体利益的协调与平衡,须在新解释论框架下综合考虑多维度主体之间的利益关系,以确定具体法律适用规则。The realization of creditor’s rights secured by equity transfer has the characteristics of means exceeding the purpose,and the conflict between external legal form and guarantee substance needs to be coordinated.The Minutes of the National Court of Civil and Commercial Trial Work grasp the substantive guarantee purpose of the equity transfer secured transaction,and its implicit interpretation is"named as equity transfer,in fact as security for claims",which focuses on shaping new types of the legal effect similar to security interest,therefore,the external form of the equity transfer loses its legal significance.However,it is difficult to obtain an explanation in accordance with legal logic and it is difficult to incorporate this approach into the current civil code property rights system.The promulgation of the Civil Code provides normative support and guidance for the improvement of the theory of equity transfer guarantee.On the basis of grasping the substantive purpose,it starts from the two aspects of external legal form and substantive guarantee purpose to maintain the legal effect of the form of equity transfer,so as to accommodate the parties’autonomous arrangements on the exercise of equity together with the operation and management of the company,and recognize the substantial difference between the equity transfer guarantee and the equity pledge.In view of the coordination and balance of the interests of multiple entities involved in the transfer of stock rights,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the interest relationships between multiple entities under the framework of the new interpretation theory to determine the specific applicable rules of the law.

关 键 词：股权让与担保 非典型担保 担保物权 民法典 

分 类 号：DF52[政治法律—民商法学]