中俄农产品贸易特征及合作前景分析  

Characteristics of Sino-Russian Agricultural Trade and Cooperation Prospects

作　　者：白雪冰 许昭 周应恒 Bai Xuebing;Xu Zhao;Zhou Yingheng

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院 [2]江西财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2021年第4期176-196,共21页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革深化与经济发展研究”(项目批准号:20ZDA045);国家自然科学基金重点项目“新时期农业发展的国家政策支持体系研究”(项目批准号:71333008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于国际格局的不断变动和中俄两国地理区位、资源禀赋的现实情况,近年来中俄农产品贸易快速增长。贸易的主要特征为:中国处于逆差且呈扩大趋势,双边贸易种类过于集中,俄罗斯水产品、谷物、油料出口与中国进口的贸易互补性增强,中国水果和蔬菜出口与俄罗斯进口的贸易互补性减弱。通过梳理俄罗斯最新农业政策,分析两国主要农产品贸易的合作前景,可以发现:俄罗斯水产品潜能开发是推动两国水产品合作的关键,双边检疫协定是约束畜产品进一步合作的重要因素,扩大油料、植物油合作可缓解中国供应短缺风险,俄罗斯对中国果蔬进口依赖呈降低趋势,但中国对俄罗斯出口果蔬产品仍具有成本优势。因此本文建议,中国应站在重构国际农产品供应体系的高度开展中俄农业合作,投资俄罗斯农产品生产链关键环节,加快签署两国农产品检疫协定,加强中俄涉农基础设施建设合作。Based on the changing international configuration,different geographical locations and resource endowments,Sino-Russian agricultural trade has increasing rapidly in recent years.Its main features include the following:China’s trade deficit with Russia is growing and it has become too concentrated;Russia’s exports in aquatic products,cereals,oilseeds become more complementary to China’s imports while China’s exports in fruit and vegetables are less complementary to Russia’s imports.By sorting out Russia’s latest agricultural policies and exploring cooperation prospects of their bilateral trade in major agricultural products,this article finds that developing potentials of Russian aquatic products is key to promote their bilateral cooperation in this regard.The bilateral quarantine agreement is an important factor binding their further cooperation in livestock products.Expanding cooperation in oilseeds and vegetable oil can alleviate the risk of China’s supply shortage.Russia is becoming less dependent on China’s fruit and vegetable imports,but China still has cost advantages in exporting them to Russia.Therefore,this article suggests that China should carry out Sino-Russian agricultural cooperation from the perspective of reconstructing international agricultural supply system and invest in key parts of Russian agricultural production chain.Besides,China should also accelerate signing their bilateral quarantine agreements and strengthen their cooperation in agriculture-related infrastructure construction.

关 键 词：中俄农业合作 中俄农产品贸易 对俄农业投资 俄罗斯农业 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易]