四川省制造业中小微企业职业病危害现状调查  

Investigation on occupational hazards in small and micro manufacturing enterprises in Sichuan Province

作　　者：蒋恩霏[1] 王辉 杜利利[1] 张文勇[1] JIANG En-fei;WANG Hui;DU Li-li;ZHANG Wen-yong(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第18期3295-3299,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省软科学研究计划项目(2021JDR0338)。

摘　　要：目的通过调查了解四川省制造业中小微企业职业病危害的现状,为监管部门有针对性地开展职业病防治工作提供依据。方法本次调查采取随机抽样方法,选取全省50%的乡镇(街道)作为调查地区,对辖区内小微型制造企业开展调查。结果本次共调查14153家小微型制造企业,其中有13086家存在职业病危害。在单位负责人培训(χ^(2)=1247.76)、职业卫生管理人员培训(χ^(2)=1474.94)、劳动者培训(χ^(2)=1500.44)、职业病危害项目申报(χ^(2)=1255.86)、工作场所定期检测(χ^(2)=1565.59)和接害人员职业健康检查(χ^(2)=1642.83),开展率六项指标方面,小型企业均明显好于微型企业(P值均<0.001)。微型企业接触粉尘(χ^(2)=34.75,P<0.001)和噪声(χ^(2)=11.12,P=0.001)岗位的超标率高于小型企业。小型企业接触矽尘(χ^(2)=1839.83)、苯(χ^(2)=1083.59)、噪声(χ^(2)=7388.00)以及总的职业健康检查率(χ^(2)=14063.95)明显高于微型企业(P值均<0.001)。结论四川省小微型制造业(尤其是微型制造业)的职业病危害形势严峻,职业卫生管理水平亟待提高。Objective To understand the current situation of occupational disease hazards in small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing industry in Sichuan Province through a survey,so as to provide a basis for supervisory departments to carry out targeted occupational disease prevention and control work.Methods The survey was conducted by random sampling method,and 50%of the townships(streets)in the province were selected as the survey area,and the survey was conducted on small and micro manufacturing enterprises in the jurisdiction.Results A total of 14153 small and micro manufacturing enterprises were surveyed,of which 13086 had occupational disease hazards.In terms of the six indicators of training for managers(χ^(2)=1247.76),training for occupational health managers(χ^(2)=1474.94),training for workers(χ^(2)=1500.44),declaration of occupational disease hazards(χ^(2)=1255.86),regular workplace testing(χ^(2)=1565.59)and occupational health inspection for contact persons(χ^(2)=1642.83),the implementation rate of small enterprises was significantly better than that of micro enterprises(P<0.001).The exceedance rates of exposure to dust(χ^(2)=34.75,P<0.001)and noise(χ^(2)=11.12,P=0.001)were higher in micro enterprises than in small enterprises.Exposure to silica dust(χ^(2)=1839.83),benzene(χ^(2)=1083.59),noise(χ^(2)=7388.00),and total occupational health examination rate(χ^(2)=14063.95)were significantly higher in small enterprises than in micro enterprises(all P values<0.001).Conclusion The situation of occupational disease hazards in small and micro manufacturing industries(especially micro manufacturing industries)in Sichuan Province is serious,and the level of occupational health management needs to be improved.

关 键 词：制造业 小微企业 职业病危害 现状调查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]