滴灌带型配置与覆膜方式对新疆甜菜产量形成特性的影响  

Effects of different drip irrigation belt configurations and film mulching methods on yield formation characteristics of sugar-beet in Xinjiang

作　　者：林明 阿不都卡地尔·库尔班[2] 陈友强 刘华君[2] 潘竟海[2] 周远航[3] 孙振才 王志敏 LIN Ming;ABDUKADIER Kurban;CHEN Youqiang;LIU Huajun;PAN Jinghai;ZHOU Yuanhang;SUN Zhencai;WANG zhimin(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Scinences,Urumqi 830091,China;Manas Agricultural Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Scinences,Manas 832299,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院玛纳斯农业试验站,新疆玛纳斯832299

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第7期36-44,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家糖料产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-170724);新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项(2020B007)。

摘　　要：为探究滴灌带配置与覆膜方式对甜菜产量的影响,在新疆农业科学院安宁渠试验基地,以甜菜品种‘Beta379’为试验材料,采取裂区设计,主区为2种滴灌带配置,分别为双行单管(D1)和双行双管(D2),副区为4种覆膜方式,分别为裸地(M1)、黑膜(M2)、单层白膜(M3)和双层白膜(M4),考察甜菜功能叶(倒四叶)面积(L4)动态变化、生物量积累与分配、块根产量和产糖量等性状,并分析主要性状间的相关性。结果表明,双管滴灌配置相较于单管滴灌配置使倒四叶面积增加8.77%,使甜菜提前10d进入叶丛快速生长期,叶丛快速生长结束期延迟12d,从而使该阶段快速生长特征值(GT)增加11.24%,根冠比增加8.53%,单根重、含糖率、产量和产糖量分别增加30.46%、1.10%、31.47%和32.76%,产量和产糖量的灌溉水分利用效率分别增加31.47%和32.84%。双白膜配置处理(M4)相较于裸地(M1)使倒四叶绿色面积增加10.49%;且甜菜快速生长特征值(GT)增加7.55%,根冠比增加18.52%(P<0.05)。因此,在新疆甜菜种植区,采用双管+双白膜滴灌模式能有效增加甜菜产量和灌溉水分利用效率。In order to explore the effect of drip irrigation belt configuration and film mulching patterns on the yield formation characteristics of sugar-beet,beet variety ’beta379’ was used as test material,and a split plot block test was conducted in Anning Experimental Area Base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.There were two kinds of drip irrigation belt designs in the main area,which were double row and single pipe(D1),and double row and double pipe(D2).There were four kinds of film mulching methods in the sub area,which were bare land(M1),black film(M2),single layer white film(M3),and double layer white film(M4).The dynamic changes of functional leaf area(the fourth leaf from the top,L4),biomass accumulation and distribution,root tuber yield and sugar yield of sugar beet were investigated,and the correlation among the main character was analyzed.The results showed that the leaf area of the last fourth leaf increased by 8.77%in the double tube drip irrigation treatment than that in the single tube drip irrigation treatment,which caused the sugar beet entered the rapid growth period(t1)10 dearlier and the end stage of rapid growth(t2)was delayed for 12 days.Consequently,the growth characteristic value(GT)was increased by 11.24%,root shoot ratio was increased by 8.53%,and single root weight,sugar content,yield and sugar yield were increased by 30.46%,1.10%,31.47% and 32.76%,respectively.The irrigation water utilization efficiency of yield and sugar yield were increased by 31.47% and 32.84%,respectively.Compared with bare land(M1),the double white film treatment(M4)had 10.49% green area of the L4,7.55%higher growth characteristic value(GT)of sugar beet,18.52% higher root shoot ratio(P<0.05).Therefore,the double tube and double white film model(D2M4)can effectively increase the yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of sugar-beet in Xinjiang planting area.

关 键 词：甜菜 滴灌配置 覆膜方式 产量 水分利用 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S275.6