气送式集中排肥器螺旋排肥装置的改进与试验  

Design and experiment of screw-type feeding device of air-assisted centralized fertilizer application device

作　　者：刘洪男 李陶 赵何跃 李江 雷小龙 任万军[2] LIU Hongnan;LI Tao;ZHAO Heyue;LI Jiang;LEI Xiaolong;REN Wanjun(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川农业大学作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第8期150-161,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301204)。

摘　　要：针对现有气送式集中排肥器螺旋排肥装置稳定性和均匀性较差的问题,提出"排肥装置集中对行排肥+气力输肥"的排肥方式,应用离散元法和台架试验对螺旋排肥装置进行改进。采用EDEM仿真分析型孔截面形状(对称截面、倾斜截面、直行截面),型孔深度和型孔数量对排肥速率、均匀度和各行排肥量一致性变异系数的影响。结果表明:1)当排肥轮转速为30r/min时,优化后的排肥轮结构参数为,倾斜截面、型孔深度15mm、型孔数量8个;2)在排肥轮较优参数及转速为10~50r/min条件下,随着排肥轮转速的增大,排肥速率呈线性增大,各行排肥量一致性变异系数和排肥均匀度变异系数分别低于3.0%和26.0%。使用水稻种植中常用的三宁、住商、中化复合肥进行台架试验,结果表明:1)总排量稳定性变异数和各行排肥量一致性变异系数分别低于2.0%和4.0%;2)排肥速率试验值与模型预测值之间的相对误差小于2%。田间试验结果表明,当施肥量为490.05和588.00kg/hm^(2)时,实际施肥量与施肥量要求之间的相对误差均小于2%。Aiming at the problems of poor stability and uniformity in screw-type feeding device of air-assisted centralized fertilizer application device,this study proposed a method of"concentrated fertilizer discharge from the fertilizer discharge device+ pneumatic conveying fertilizer".The impacts of model-hole section,model-hole depth and number of model-holes on the rate and of uniformity fertilizer application were investigated,and the variation coefficient of the application consistency of each row were adopted with the EDEM simulation.The results showed that:When the rotation speed is 30 r/min,the optimal structural parameters of the fertilizer wheel were the model-hole section II,the model-hole depth of 15 mm,and the model-hole number of 8.eWhen the rotation speed is 10-50 r/min,under the optimal parameters,the rate of fertilizer application increased linearly with the increase of the rotational speed,and the c variation coefficient of the application consistency of each row,and the variation coefficient of application uniformity were lower than 3.0% and 26.0%,respectively.Using Sanning,Zhushang,and Zhonghua compound fertilizers commonly used in rice planting for bench tests,the bench test results showed that the variation coefficient of the total application stability and the coefficient of variation of the discharge consistency of each row of the three types of compound fertilizers were lower than 2.0% and 4.0%,respectively.The deviation between the experimental value of the fertilizer rate and the theoretical value predicted by the model was within 2%.The field experiment results showed that when the fertilization application amount was 490.05 and 588.00 kg/hm^(2),the relative error between the actual fertilization rate and application quantity of agronomic requirements was less than 2%.

关 键 词：集中排肥器 螺旋排肥装置 排肥均匀性 颗粒化肥 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]