土壤调理剂与灌溉互作对酸化苹果园产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响  

Effects of soil conditioner and irrigation method on the yield,quality of fruit and soil chemical properties in apple orchards with acidified soils

作　　者：孙瑶 马金昭[1] 张培苹 陈印平[1] 孙景宽[1] 杨红军[1] 董凯凯[1] 王晓琪 SUN Yao;MA Jinzhao;ZHANG Peiping;CHEN Yinping;SUN Jingkuan;YANG Hongjun;DONG Kaikai;WANG Xiaoqi(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256603,Shandong,China;Yantai Agricultural Extension Center,Yantai 264000,Shandong,China;College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural Universtiy,Tan’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603 [2]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264000 [3]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第10期1681-1690,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省高等学校青年创新团队发展计划“滨海盐堿地绿色改良与植被恢复研究创新团队”;烟台市科技计划(2020MSGY052);滨州学院博士基金项目(2019Y10)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨土壤调理剂和灌溉互作对酸化苹果园土壤化学性质和果树生长的影响。【方法】通过2年田间裂区试验,以土壤调理剂为主区:化学调理剂(ZD)、有机肥调理剂(BOM)和不施调理剂(CK);灌溉方式为副区:漫灌(FI)和滴灌(DI),测定果实的产量、品质、矿质元素含量和土壤肥力。【结果】土壤调理剂和灌溉方式在苹果产量、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比上存在显著的正交互作用。在第2年ZD和BOM处理较CK显著增产21.7%~22.1%;BOM较CK和ZD、DI较FI显著增加了可溶性固形物含量和固酸比。对叶片和果实中的全氮和全钾含量,BOM较CK、DI较FI处理均得到了显著增加,且调理剂与滴灌存在显著的正交互作用;ZD叶片的全钙含量显著增加了19.0%~22.1%。土壤调理剂和滴灌及其交互效应显著增加了土壤pH、交换性钙和阳离子交换量;BOM处理第2年的土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量较CK分别显著增加了15.9%和7.3%。【结论】有机肥调理剂和滴灌互作不仅能够有效地改善土壤质量,还能显著增加苹果的产量和提高品质。【Objective】Both soil conditioner and irrigation play important roles in the growth of fruit trees.However,so far,there are few studies on the interaction between soil conditioner and irrigation,and the interaction between them on the growth of apple tree is not clear.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil conditioner and irrigation and their interaction on soil chemical properties and the growth of apple trees in acidified orchards.【Methods】A field experiment with different types of soil conditioners and irrigation methods was carried out in the study in two years.The experiment consisted of three soil conditioner treatments,including no soil conditioner(CK),chemical soil conditioner(ZD)and organic fertilizer conditioner(BOM),in combination with two irrigation methods including flood irrigation(FD)and drip irrigation(DI).A split-plot design,with the type of soil conditioner as the main plot and the irrigation method as subplot,was used to study their interaction effects on the yield,fruit quality,mineral element content and soil nutrient element content.Nine similar fruit trees were selected as a plot,and each treatment had three replicates.The test data were processed by Microsoft Excel 2010 software,and SAS 8.2 software was used for two factor difference significance analysis(p<0.05)and interaction effect analysis;the data were plotted by SigmaPlot 12.5 software.【Results】Both the soil conditioners and irrigation methods could affect the yield,while there was a significant positive interaction between them.The apple yields in ZD and BOM treatments were significantly increased by 4.9%-22.1%compared with CK,and the yield in DI treatment was 3.7%-3.8%higher than FI treatment.The single fruit weight in BOM treatment was the highest,which significantly increased by 5.2%-9.4%compared with the other treatments in two years.In 2015 and 2016,the yield and single fruit weight DI increased significantly compared with those in FI.Different soil conditioners and irrigation methods had

关 键 词：苹果 土壤调理剂 灌溉 土壤性质 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]