地膜覆盖对夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程及产量的影响  

Effect of Plastic Film Mulching on Grain Filling Process and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：王锐 郭怡婷[1,2] 王乃江 褚晓升 罗晓琦[1,2] 王卓洲 杨志鹏 董勤各 冯浩 WANG Rui;GUO Yi-ting;WANG Nai-jiang;CHU Xiao-sheng;LUO Xiao-qi;WANG Zhuo-zhou;YANG Zhi-peng;DONG Qin-ge;FENG Hao(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Science&Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第9期71-76,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879224)。

摘　　要：为揭示地膜覆盖对夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程及产量的影响,在陕西杨凌开展田间试验,以平作不覆膜(CK)为对照,研究了平作全膜覆盖(FM)和平作半膜覆盖(HM)对夏玉米土壤温度、生长指标、灌浆过程、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,FM和HM提高了表层地温,促进了夏玉米生长发育和干物质积累,优化了籽粒灌浆过程,最终提高了夏玉米的产量和水分利用效率。与CK相比,FM与HM的产量分别增加了15.19%和8.34%,水分利用效率分别增加了19.75%和11.80%。地膜覆盖主要通过提高夏玉米灌浆期各阶段的灌浆速率,延长灌浆快增期持续时间,实现灌浆结束后籽粒产量的提高。与CK相比,FM与HM下夏玉米灌浆结束时理论最大百粒重分别增加了18.19%和7.78%。In order to explore the effects of plastic film mulching on the grain filling process and yield of summer maize,a field experiment was carried out in Yangling,Shaanxi province.With no film mulching(CK)as the control.the effects of two mulching methods(i.e.,full film mulching(FM)and half film mulching(HM))on soil temperature,growth indices,grain filling process,yield,and WUE of summer maize were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,FM and HM increased the surface soil temperature,promoted the growth of summer maize,optimized the grain filling process,and finally increased the yield and WUE of summer maize.The yield increased by 15.19% and 8.34%,and WUE increased by 19.75% and 11.80% after applying HM and PM,respectively.The yield increase induced by plastic film mulching was attributed to both increased grain filling rate and extended duration of fast-increase.Compared with CK,the theoretical maximum 100-kernel weight of summer maize at the end filling period under FM and HM was increased by 18.19% and 7.78%,respectively.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 夏玉米 灌浆过程 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]