湄公河水资源国际法律体制研究及其对中国的启示——以“一带一路”建设为背景  

An Analysis of the International Legal Regime of the Mekong River Basin and Its Inspiration to China Under the Belt&Road Initiative

作　　者：扶怡 FU Yi

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2021年第1期90-101,共12页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：中国一直都希望能与湄公河区域保持和平友好的国际合作关系,特别是自2013年中国提出“一带一路”倡议以来,与澜沧江—湄公河流域合作的重要性日益凸显,有关的各项议题也越来越具有研究价值。本文在“一带一路”建设的指导下,以湄公河流域水资源国际法律体制为研究主体,对该流域跨境水资源可持续开发利用管理的国际法律体制进行较为深入的分析。文章首先分析了该体制的法律基础,从相关国际法律渊源的角度阐述了该体制的层次性及系统性。接下来着重分析了该体制的核心法律基础——《湄公河协定》,同时也分析了在此协定基础上所建立的湄公河委员会。文章详细阐述了协定的目标、任务和原则,以及委员会的法律人格、结构、争端解决机制等相关内容,同时也对这一核心法律基础及其组织机构做出了相应的评价。最后,基于前文以及“一带一路”中的相关内容,提出了对中国的相关启示。文章为在“一带一路”框架下开展与湄公河流域各国的水资源合作发展提供良好的信息基础,对建立和促进相关合作也有着十分重要的意义。China is always hoping to maintain the peaceful and friendly cooperative relationship with the countries in the Mekong region,especially since the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)in 2015,this relationship has become increasingly important.Hence,the research on the topics related to the Mekong region have also become more valuable.The author analyzes the international legal water regime of the Mekong River basin based on the spirit of the BRI,and tries to figure out the sustainable management of the trans-boundary water resources in the Mekong River basin by this regime.Firstly,the legal bases of this regime are analyzed and the hierarchy and systematicness of the regime are explored from the perspective of relevant international legal sources;Then,an in-depth analysis is conducted on the core legal basis of the regime——Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin(hereinafter referred to as 1995 Mekong Agreement)——as well as its institution,namely,the Mekong River Commission(MRC).The aims,objectives and principles of 1995 Mekong Agreement are elaborated and the legal personality,structure,dispute resolution and some other related contents of the MRC are introduced.In the meantime,an evaluation of 1995 Mekong Agreement and its institution have been illustrated.The last but not least,the inspirations to China are expounded according to the former analysis and BRI.This paper provides crucial information for the cooperation between China and the countries within the Mekong River basin.It is also significant for improving cooperation of sustainable water resources management and development between China and the other Mekong countries in the long run.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 国际水法 湄公河协定 湄公河委员会 启示 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]