含植物河道等效床面阻力试验研究  

Experimental study on equivalent bed resistance of river containing vegetation

作　　者：高学平[1] 吕建璋 孙博闻[1] 刘殷竹 GAO Xueping;LÜJianzhang;SUN Bowen;LIU Yinzhu(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《水利学报》2021年第9期1024-1035,1046,共13页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(51321065)。

摘　　要：植物广泛存在于滩地和河槽中,可有效改善水环境,但同时也增加了水流阻力。通常采用不同材料的棍状物或仿生植物模拟实际植物进行试验研究,将植物阻力附加于床面上与原床面阻力一起构成等效床面阻力,因模拟实际植物的不相似导致含植物河道等效床面阻力的研究不够完善。本文提出了对实际植物分区施加实际流速条件进行试验的思路,即按河道现场调研的植物密度布置,沿横向和垂向对河道横断面分区,对实际植物区域施加实际流速条件,试验研究分区水体中的植物阻力,最后换算得到表征等效床面阻力的等效床面糙率。以独流减河上游河道为对象,选用乔木、灌木和芦苇三种典型植物,考虑河道横断面不同分区的流速条件进行了试验,结果表明,当遭遇100年一遇洪水时,乔木种植区域的等效床面糙率为0.060~0.066,灌木种植区域的等效床面糙率为0.083~0.099,芦苇种植区域的等效床面糙率为0.698~0.989。研究成果可为防洪计算和水环境治理提供理论支持。Vegetation exists widely in river channels,which can effectively improve the water ecological environment and increase open channels'flow resistance.Usually,the stick of different materials or bionic plants is used to simulate actual plants for experimental research,and plant resistance is added to the bed surface to form equivalent bed surface resistance together with the original bed surface resistance.The study on equivalent bed resistance of watercourses containing plants is not perfect because of the dissimilarity of simulating plants and actual plants.In this paper,applying actual velocity conditions to existing plant zones was proposed.According to the plant density in the field investigation of the river,the river was divided into transverse and vertical sections,and the actual flow velocity conditions were applied to the actual plant areas.The plant resistance in the zoned water body was experimentally studied,and the equivalent bed roughness representing the equivalent bed resistance was finally converted.Taking the upper reaches of Duliujian River as an example,three typical plants,namely arbors,shrubs and reeds,were selected to carry out experiments considering the velocity conditions of different zones in the cross-section of the river.The results showed that when the one-in-100-year flood occurs,the equivalent bed roughness of the arbor planting area is 0.060-0.066,and that of the shrub planting area is 0.083-0.099.The equivalent bed roughness in the reed planting area ranges from 0.698 to 0.989.The research results can provide theoretical support for flood control calculation and water environment treatment.

关 键 词：含植物河道 等效床面糙率 植物阻力 实际植物 水槽试验 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]