多元文化政策背景下加拿大原住民社区博物馆功能价值探析  

On the Functional Values of Canada’s Indigenous Community Museums against the Background of Multicultural Policy

作　　者：肖琼 Xiao Qiong(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学西南民族研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第6期77-81,124,共6页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2016年国家社科基金“基于经济人类学视角的西南少数民族特色村寨永续发展问题研究”(项目编号:16BMZ054)、西南民族大学2020年统一战线创新立项重点项目“新时期成都市少数民族流动人口社会管理创新研究”(项目编号:5)。

摘　　要：加拿大原住民主要由第一民族、梅蒂斯人和因纽特人构成,在多元文化政策背景下,加拿大原住民博物馆以不同的规模和方式出现,逐渐成为原住民社会生活空间的重要组成部分,对原住民传统文化保护和社区发展有着非常重要的作用。为此,本文在加拿大原住民博物馆的历史演进、层级分类的基础上,对加拿大原住民社区的社会功能价值、文化功能价值、教育功能价值以及经济功能价值进行重点探讨,指出加拿大原住民社区博物馆在一定程度上可以为我国少数民族特色村寨博物馆建设及其永续发展提供相关经验借鉴。Canadian indigenous people are mainly composed of First Nations,Metis,and Inuit. Forming part of Canada’s multicultural policy,a series of indigenous museums have been constructed in Canada on different scales and in different ways. They have become communication centers for native peoples and other ethnic groups. At the same time,they also are turning into learning centers of indigenous culture,academic research,tourist destinations,and all kinds of events. These indigenous museums( of different regions,different levels,different sizes,and different types) form a complete system of indigenous museums. Among them,the indigenous community museums of Canada are most closely associated with indigenous manufacturing as well as indigenous community life;indeed,they are gradually becoming a vital part of daily life for the Canadian original peoples.They play an essential role in indigenous education, traditional culture preservation, the communities’ economic and social development,and their public service and management.Therefore,based on the historical evolution and classification of the Canadian indigenous museums,this paper focuses on the functioning and practical value of these museums from their social,cultural,educational,and economic aspects. It points out that indigenous community museums are now more than just community museums: they basically have become multi-purpose community centers. They host all kinds of information exchange and publicity,they are places for gatherings and display of collections and exhibitions,and they are venues for traditional cultural activities and tribal cultural exhibits. Most importantly,they are spots where the native peoples can meet every day. The indigenous community museums,moreover,function as educational institutions for traditional learning and various training courses,and provide vital economic and business support for indigenous people to boost their income;in addition,they also are culturally appropriate places for the earliest peoples to seek social services and

关 键 词：原住民社区博物馆 功能价值 多元文化 社区发展 经验借鉴 

分 类 号：G268.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]