电动汽车用磷酸铁锂电池针刺热失控试验研究  

Experimental Investigation on Thermal Runaway of LiFePO_(4) Batteries for Electric Vehicles During Nail Penetration

作　　者：金标[1] 邹武元 刘方方[1] 安治文 徐志强[1] Jin Biao;Zou Wuyuan;Liu Fangfang;An Zhiwen;Xu Zhiqiang(Guangdong University of Science&Technology,Dongguan 523083;Dongguan Tafel New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan 523128)

机构地区：[1]广东科技学院,东莞523083 [2]东莞塔菲尔新能源科技有限公司,东莞523128

出　　处：《汽车技术》2021年第10期37-41,共5页Automobile Technology

基　　金：广东省普通高校特色创新项目(2020KTSCX167)。

摘　　要：为揭示锂电池内短路引发热失控的热响应和电行为特征,对单体磷酸铁锂电池及其并联连接电池模组进行针刺试验,观测被刺电池端电压、表面温度、反充电流的变化规律和试验特征,并利用电池单个电极针刺内短路模型以及等效内外短路电路模型解释电池内外短路电阻、端电压和反充电流间的相互关系。研究表明:被刺电池端电压出现突降-上升的主要原因是受随机性接触界面、高温等因素影响的内短路阻值的突降和升高;若电池正极柱处温度急剧升高,反充电流瞬间达到峰值,则表明电池发生外短路;电池是否出现热失控取决于电池内短路阻值和反充电流。To reveal characteristics of thermal response and electrical behavior of thermal runaway induced by Internal Short Circuit(ISC)in lithium ion batteries,acupuncture experiments are conducted for single LiFePO4 battery and battery modules connected in parallel,respectively.The variation rule of the punctured battery terminal voltage,surface temperature,reverse charging current and experimental characteristics are observed during the process of acupuncture,and then the ISC model of single electrode unit and an equivalent internal and external short circuit model is established to explain the relationship among the internal and external short circuit resistance,terminal voltage and reverse charging current.The experimental results indicate that the primary cause of the sudden drop and rise of the terminal voltage is the sudden decrease and rise of ISC resistance under the influence of random contact interface,high temperature and other factors.If the temperature at the positive pole rises sharply and the reverse charge current reaches its peak instantly,at this moment,the punctured battery has an external short circuit.Secondly,the thermal runaway of the punctured battery depends on internal short circuit resistance value and the reverse charge current.

关 键 词：磷酸铁锂电池 针刺 内短路 热失控 等效内外短路电路模型 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]