民事合伙的体系勘误和适用完善  

System Correction of Civil Partnership and Improvement of Application

作　　者： XIE Limin

机构地区：[1]德国法兰克福大学 [2]德国大陆集团(Continental)大中华区

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2021年第5期1-23,共23页Business and Economic Law Review

摘　　要：民事合伙的主体性问题,即权利能力和当事人能力,不应当通过其是否具有组织性来解答。凡是对外参与经济生活的外部合伙都可以被认定为具有主体性。民事合伙不仅是所有合伙的基本形态,也具有其独立的价值。(单个)合伙财产虽然为全体合伙人共有,但并非必定是共同共有或者按份共有,在遵循单个合伙人不得处分合伙财产(份额)的原则下,两种共有关系都可符合民事合伙的特点。民事合伙的立法欠缺与共有关系的制度衔接,共有关系所包含的团体关系属债权性质,但是只在物权法下进行了规范,从而使得(单个)合伙财产(份额)的处分等问题可能受到民事合伙与共有关系两种制度的同时制约,并出现关于优先购买权的矛盾。民事合伙的应用场景应进一步扩展到日常生活和经济活动的各领域中。民事合伙善意第三人的利益需要予以加强保护,合伙人的退伙、解散和清算应当拥有独立的规定或者类推适用《合伙企业法》。The subjectivity problem of civil partnership,i.e.the capabilities of power and party,shall not be answered by the organizational nature.All civil partnership actively participating in economic and social events shall be deemed to be legal subjects.Civil partnership is not only the basis form of all partnership,but also has its independent value.Though(single)partnership asset is owned by all partners,it does not have to be owned in common or owned in parts.Provided that a single partner is not allowed to dispose(of the part)of the partnership assets,the two forms of the co-ownership both fit into the features of civil partnership.The legislation of civil partnership is lack of systematic link to the mechanism of co-ownership.The interactive relationship contained in the co-ownership is of obligation right nature,but is regulated under the real right which leads to the situation that issues like the disposal(of the part)of the(single)partnership assets would be subject to the mechanisms of both civil partnership and co-ownership as well as the conflict with the preemptive right.The application scenarios of civil partnership should be extended to more areas of daily life and economic activities.The interests of persons in good faith to the civil partnership shall be more protected.The Law on Partnership Enterprises shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exit of partners and the termination and liquidation of civil partnership.

关 键 词：民事合伙 主体性 合伙财产 共有 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]