口周岛状皮瓣动脉构筑的显微解剖学研究  

Microsurgical anatomy study of perioral island flap on vessel casting

作　　者：徐丹 丁冉[2] 沙明 郑雪峰 丁自海[2] 刘鹏[5] 艾旭光[1] Xu Dan;Ding Ran;Sha Ming;Zheng Xuefeng;Ding Zihai;Liu Peng;Ai Xuguang(Xuchang University,Xuchang 461000,China;Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;Xuchang Yuanrong Neck,Shoulder And Waist Pain Hospital,Xuchang 461000,China;Jinan University,Basic Medical College,Guangzhou 510632,China;Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital,The Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Guangzhou 510220,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌学院,河南许昌461000 [2]南方医科大学,广州510515 [3]许昌圆融颈肩腰腿痛医院,河南许昌461000 [4]暨南大学基础医学院,广州510632 [5]暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院,广州510220

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》2021年第5期518-523,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

摘　　要：目的为口周岛状皮瓣切取提供更精准的解剖学资料。方法采用63例(126侧)头颈部铸型标本,观察口周动脉的来源、走行、分支分布、变异和动脉构筑特点。结果口周的血供主要来自上唇动脉、下唇动脉、唇颏动脉和颏下动脉升支。上唇动脉多于口角平面以上(68.25%)或以下(22.22%)起自面动脉,形成面动脉的1条分支(44.44%)或终支(49.21%),左、右侧呈对称(51.59%)或不对称(46.83%)分布;偶见缺如(1.59%)。下唇动脉多于下颌骨下缘上方(43.65%)或口角平面下方(28.89%)起自面动脉,形成面动脉的1条分支(61.90%)或终支(25.40%),呈对称(44.44%)或不对称(47.62%)分布;缺如者占(7.94%)。两侧上、下唇动脉相互吻合,围绕口裂形成动脉环,营养口裂、鼻区及颏区。唇颏动脉于下颌下缘附近起自面动脉,多为1支(约55%)或缺如(约30%),也可见2支(约10%)或3支(约5%)。颏下动脉在颏下中部发出2~12支升支,与下唇动脉降支和唇颏动脉形成唇颏血管丛,营养颏部皮肤。结论口周区域血供来源较多、吻合丰富,在口周形成动脉环及动脉网。但口周动脉的起始、走形和分布变异较大,动脉构筑形式不定,在切取口周岛状皮瓣时,术前超声探查十分必要。Objective To provide more accurate anatomical data for perioral island flap.Methods Sixty-three cast specimens were utilized to observe the origin,distribution,variation and arterial architecture characteristics of the perioral artery.Results The mainly blood supply of perioral region came from the superior labial artery,inferior labial artery,labiomental artery and submental artery ascending branch.The superior labial artery mainly originated from facial artery superior(68.25%)or inferior(22.22%)to corner the mouth,the distribution of them were symmetrical(51.59%)or asymmetrical(46.83%),occasionally absence(1.59%).Inferior labial artery mainly originated from facial artery superior to border of mandible(43.65%)or inferior to corner the mouth(28.89%),and formed one branch of facial artery(61.90%)or the final branch(25.40%).The distribution of them were symmetrical(44.44%)or asymmetrical(47.62%),sometimes absence(7.94%).The upper and lower labial arteries anastomosed with each other on both sides,forming an arterial circle around oral fissure,nourishing the oral fissure,nasal region and chin regions.The labiomental artery originated from the facial artery near the mandibular margin,which was mainly 1 branch(about 55%)or absent(about 30%)on each side,but also was 2 branches(about 10%)or 3 branches(about 5%).The submental artery sent out 2~12 ascending branches in the middle submental region,and formed the labiomental vascular plexus with the descending branches of the inferior labial artery and the labiomental artery,nourishing the skin of mental region.Conclusions There are many blood supply sources and abundant anastomosis in perioral area,forming an arterial circle and network around the mouth.However,the variation of origin and distribution of the perioral artery are frequent,and the form of artery construction is uncertain.Therefore,it is essential to perform preoperative ultrasonographic exploration before cutting the perioral island flap.

关 键 词：上、下唇动脉 口周岛状皮瓣 显微外科解剖 动脉铸型 

分 类 号：R322.121[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]