放牧家畜对东祁连山高寒灌丛草地枯落物层及水文功能的影响  

Effects of grazing domestic animals on litter layer and hydrological function of alpine shrubland in Eastern Qilian Mountains

作　　者：宋美娟 徐长林[1] 王琳 鱼小军[1] SONG Meijuan;XU Changlin;WANG Lin;YU Xiaojun(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education/Sino-U.S.Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中–美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第9期1683-1693,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760695)。

摘　　要：为探究放牧不同家畜对高寒灌丛草地枯落物层和土壤层的水文影响,于2020年7月–8月在东祁连山天祝高寒地区对放牧甘肃马鹿(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)和混牧牦牛(Bos grunniens)与藏羊(Ovis aries)的灌丛草地枯落物层和土壤层的持水性、持水速率、拦蓄量等特性进行了研究。结果表明,枯落物总厚度表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(3.53 cm)>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(2.83 cm),枯落物总储量表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(219.45 g·m^(-2))>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(92.86 g·m^(-2))(P<0.05);混牧牦牛与藏羊样地的枯落物平均持水量和初始持水速率均大于放牧甘肃马鹿样地;枯落物平均最大持水量表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(20.78 t·hm^(-2))>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(10.71 t·hm^(-2)),平均最大持水率表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(221.00%)>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(148.11%),平均最大拦蓄量表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(939.21 t·hm^(-2))>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(348.58 t·hm^(-2)),以及有效拦蓄量表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(627.52 t·hm^(-2))>放牧甘肃马鹿样地(187.90 t·hm^(-2))(P<0.05)。放牧甘肃马鹿样地灌丛间和灌丛内的浅层(0−40 cm)土壤含水率均显著高于混牧牦牛与藏羊样地,深层(40−100 cm)土壤相反;灌丛间0–30 cm土层容重表现为混牧牦牛与藏羊样地>放牧甘肃马鹿样地,灌丛内则相反;土壤初渗速率表现为放牧甘肃马鹿样地(10.98 mm·min^(−1))>混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(6.92 mm·min^(−1)),稳渗速率同样表现为放牧甘肃马鹿样地(7.12 mm·min^(−1))>混牧牦牛与藏羊样地(5.90 mm·min^(−1))。综上所述,与单牧马鹿相比,混牧牦牛与藏羊更有利于高寒灌丛草地水源涵养和水土保持功能的发挥。This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation in alpine shrub grasslands.The hydrological effects of grazing different livestock on the litter layer and soil layer of alpine shrub grassland were studied,including the moisture capacity,water holding rate,and interception amount of the litter layer and soil layer of grazing Gansu wapiti and mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep in the alpine shrubland in the Tianzhu alpine region of the eastern Qilian Mountains from July to August 2020.The result showed that the total litter thickness of the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot(3.53 cm)was greater than the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(2.83 cm),and the total litter storage is expressed as the mixed yak Tibetan sheep plot(219.45 g·m^(-2))>the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(92.86 g·m^(-2))(P<0.05);The average water holding capacity and initial water holding rate of litter in the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot were higher than those in the grazing Gansu wapiti plot;the average maximum water holding capacity of litter is represented by the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot(20.78 t·ha^(−1))>the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(10.71 t·ha^(−1)),the average maximum water holding rate is represented by the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot(221.00%)>the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(148.11%),and the average maximum interception is represented by the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot(939.21 t·ha^(−1))>the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(348.58 t·ha^(−1)),and the effective interception is shown as the mixed yak Tibetan Sheep plot(627.52 t·ha^(−1))>the grazing Gansu wapiti plot(187.90 t·ha^(−1))(P<0.05).The soil moisture content of the shallow layer(0-40 cm)in the grazing Gansu wapiti plot between and under the shrubs were significantly higher than in the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot,while the deep soil(40-100 cm)showed the opposite result;the bulk density of the 0-30 cm soil layer between shrub of the mixed grazing yak and Tibetan sheep plot>the grazing G

关 键 词：牦牛 藏羊 甘肃马鹿 灌丛 水源涵养 水土保持 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]