不同作用机制杀菌剂对燕麦炭疽病病菌的室内毒力测定  

Toxicity testing of different fungicides for Colletotrichum cereale on oat anthracnose

作　　者：高鹏 刘琳[1] 刘昀鑫 魏江铭 李瑶[1] 赵祥[1] GAO Peng;LIU Lin;LIU Yunxin;WEI Jiangming;LI Yao;ZHAO Xiang(College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第9期1737-1744,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：山西省重点研发项目(201903D211012);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ37)。

摘　　要：禾谷炭疽菌(Colletotrichum cereale)引致的炭疽病是山西晋北地区燕麦(Avena sativa)生产的主要限制因素,但目前尚未开展化学杀菌剂防治燕麦炭疽病的研究。为明确不同作用机制杀菌剂对燕麦炭疽病菌的抑制效果,本研究选取6类10种杀菌剂,使用菌丝生长速率法和液滴法对其抑菌效果进行测定。结果表明:多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂、丙环唑25%乳油、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25%悬浮剂对禾谷炭疽菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为0.0921、0.8774、0.1180和0.0029 mg·L^(−1);百菌清75%可湿性粉剂、多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25%悬浮剂对禾谷炭疽菌孢子萌发具有较好的抑制效果,其中百菌清75%可湿性粉剂浓度≥0.80 mg·L^(−1)时,孢子萌发抑制率均为100%,多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25%悬浮剂的EC_(50)分别为0.1124、0.1184和0.0059 mg·L^(−1)。根据作用机制的不同,建议百菌清75%可湿性粉剂在炭疽病发生前作为保护性杀菌剂使用,多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25%悬浮剂作为保护和治疗性杀菌剂使用。此外,生产者应及时轮换采用不同作用机制的化学杀菌剂防控病害,同时改善种植条件,引进和选育抗病品种,保证燕麦的可持续生产。Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum cereale is the main limiting factor in the production of oats(Avena sativa)in the northern Shanxi Province;however,no research has been carried out on the prevention and control of oat anthracnose using chemical fungicides.To clarify the inhibitory effects of fungicides with different mechanisms of action on oat anthracnose,10 fungicides from six categories were selected and studied,and their antifungal effects were measured using the hyphae growth rate method and the droplet method.The results showed that carbendazim(50%wettable powder,WP),propiconazole(50%WP),azoxystrobin(25%suspension concentrates,SC),and pyraclostrobin(25%SC)had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of C.cereale hyphae,with EC_(50)(50%effective concentration)values of 0.0921,0.8774,0.1180,and 0.0029 mg·L^(−1),respectively.Chlorothalonil(75%WP),carbendazim(50%WP),azoxystrobin(25%SC),and pyraclostrobin(25%SC)had a strong inhibitory effect on the germination of C.cereale spores.For chlorothalonil(75%WP),when the concentration was≥0.80 mg·L^(−1),the spore germination inhibition rate was 100%,and the EC_(50) of carbendazim(50%WP),azoxystrobin(25%SC),and pyraclostrobin(25%SC)were 0.1124,0.1184,and 0.0059 mg·L^(−1).Based on the different mechanisms of action,it is recommended that chlorothalonil(75%WP)be used as a protective fungicide before anthracnose occurs,whereas carbendazim(50%WP),azoxystrobin(25%SC),and pyraclostrobin(25%SC)should be used as protective and therapeutic fungicides.In addition,producers should promptly rotate chemical fungicides with different mechanisms of action to prevent and control diseases,improve planting conditions,introduce and select disease-resistant varieties,and ensure the sustainable production of oats.

关 键 词：燕麦 炭疽病 杀菌剂 作用机制 抑菌效果 有效中浓度 化学防治 

分 类 号：S435.126[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]