我国体育锻炼标准的制度化历程与功能嬗变  

Institutionalization Process and Functional Evolution of National Physical Training Standards in China

作　　者：马思远[1] MA Siyuan(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2021年第5期481-487,共7页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(BLA170224)。

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、专家访谈法和逻辑分析法,分析了我国体育锻炼标准的制度化历程及其功能嬗变的过程,探寻其中的规律,从中得到启示,以期为建设体育强国及进一步促进《全民健身计划(2021—2025年)》落实提供理论参考。我国体育锻炼标准制度化历程可划分为5个阶段,即学习借鉴期、停滞期、探索实践期、科学规划期和战略机遇期。我国体育锻炼标准的施行受我国经济发展水平、国防安全、体育与教育事业等方面的实际状况的影响,并在以上不同阶段体现出主要功能及延伸功能的嬗变。即以强化劳动人民的身体素质、提高青少年的体质健康水平为主要功能,以保卫祖国和为生产劳动服务、提高全民族身体素质为延伸功能。当前,我国一些体育社会组织促进全人群参与体育运动的内生动力不足;体育锻炼制度的碎片化使得群众体育治理趋向碎片化;各类国家体育锻炼标准中的评定指标各异和评价结果的差异性,引发了一些争论。而在体育强国建设、全民健身国家战略实施的背景下,构建运动项目业余锻炼等级标准,使更多适宜全人群参与的运动项目进入健身领域,进入人民群众的日常体育锻炼中。这是国家体育锻炼标准在中国特色社会主义新时代应具有的新功能。By using the methods of literature review,expert interview and logical analysis,this paper analyzes the process of institutionalization and functional evolution of physical training standards in China,explores the rules,and obtains enlightenment from them,so as to provide theoretical reference for building a healthy China and a sports power and further promoting the implementation of the National Fitness Program(2021—2025).The institutionalization process of physical training standards in China can be divided into five stages,namely,learning period,stagnation period,exploration and practice period,scientific planning period and strategic opportunity period.The implementation of physical training standards in China is affected by the actual situation of China’s economic development level,national defense security,physical education and the education cause,and manifests the evolution of the main function and the extended function in the above different stages,namely,with the main function of strengthening physical fitness of the people and improving the physical health level of the youth,and the extended functions of national defense security,labor production services and promoting youth physical exercise.At present,some social sports organizations in China show insufficient endogenous motivation in promoting the whole population to participate in physical exercises.The fragmentation of the standard system of physical training makes the management of mass sports tend to be fragmented.The different evaluation indexes and results in various physical training standards have caused some doubts.Under the background of national strategies such as sports power construction and national fitness,it is imperative to build amateur exercise grade standard system,and make more sports suitable for the national fitness enter the field of sports and people’s daily physical exercise.This is the new function that the national physical exercise standard should have in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：劳卫制 国家体育锻炼标准 国家学生体质健康标准 制度化 功能嬗变 群众体育 全民健身 

分 类 号：G811.37[文化科学—体育学]