2020年全国医疗机构放射工作人员个人剂量监测异常数据分析  

Analysis of abnormal dose values from individual dose monitoring for radiation workers in medical institutions in China in 2020

作　　者：张品华[1] 苏垠平[1] 李小亮[1] 崔诗悦 雷淑洁[1] 孙全富[1] 刘建香[1] Zhang Pinhua;Su Yinping;Li Xiaoliang;Cui Shiyue;Lei Shujie;Sun Quanfu;Liu Jianxiang(Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency,China CDC,National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Protection,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2021年第9期695-699,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的分析放射工作人员个人剂量监测异常数据的剂量、职业类别和异常原因分布情况,为提高个人剂量监测数据质量和改善医疗机构职业健康管理工作提供建议。方法通过全国放射卫生信息平台的"放射诊疗机构职业健康系统"收集2020年度全国医疗机构单个监测周期个人剂量监测值超过1.25 mSv的个案数据进行汇总分析。结果2020年全国31个省份共监测到剂量异常数据1113人次,异常率为2.48‰;主要为诊断放射学和介入放射学工作人员,分别占68.01%和18.78%;剂量异常数据主要分布在1.25~5 mSv区间;导致剂量异常的主要原因是不规范佩戴或使用个人剂量计,占63.88%;由于工作量增加导致的剂量监测数据异常的放射工作人员占全部异常人员的12.32%,平均年个人剂量为5.14 mSv,不同职业类别放射工作人员的年个人剂量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应加强放射工作人员辐射防护知识的教育和培训,制定具体可行的放射防护管理和奖惩制度,减少不规范佩戴个人剂量计的情况发生;重点关注诊断放射学和介入放射学工作人员的职业照射,采取轮岗等措施降低个人剂量水平;建议制定个人剂量监测异常数据标准核查程序,提高个人剂量监测数据质量。Objective To analyze distributions of dose range,occupational category,and causes of abnormal dose values from individual dose monitoring of radiation workers and to provide recommendations for improving the quality of individual monitoring data and occupational health management in medical institutions.Methods The data of individual dose monitoring result exceeding 1.25 mSv in a single monitoring cycle,collected by Occupational Health System for Radiology Facilities'on National Radiological Health Information Platform,was analyzed.Results A total of 1113 abnormal dose values were detected in 31 provinces in 2020,with an abnormal rate of 2.48‰,of which workers of diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology accounted for 68.01% and 18.78%,respectively.The dose distribution of abnormal dose values was mainly between 1.25 and 5 mSv.The abnormal dose values were mainly caused by improperly wearing or using personal dosimeters,accounting for 63.88%.Workers for whom the dose values was abnormal due to increased workload accounted for 12.32%,with an average annual individual dose of 5.14 mSv.There was no statistically significant difference in annual individual dose among radiation workers between different occupational groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Education and training on radiation protection for radiation workers should be strengthened,and a specific and feasible system for radiation protection management,as well as a reward and punishment system,should be established in order to reduce the occurance of the improper wearing of personal dosimeters.Great attention should be paid to occupational exposure of workers in diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology,and a work shift system should be conducted to reduce individual dose levels.It is recommended that standard verification procedures for abnormal dose values from individual dose monitoring should be developed to improve the quality of individual monitoring data.

关 键 词：个人剂量监测 异常数据 放射工作人员 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]