种植密度和施氮量互作对盐碱地紫花苜蓿生长性能和生理特性的影响  

Interaction effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on the growth and physiological traits of alfalfa in saline alkali soils

作　　者：卢发光 顾立峰 刘昱茜 任桢 施雨 徐振然 周桂生 卢海潼 王小山[3] 张网定 任志强 朱广龙 LU Faguang;GU Lifeng;LIU Yuqian;REN Zhen;SHI Yu;XU Zhenran;ZHOU Guisheng;LU Haitong;WANG Xiaoshan;ZHANG Wangding;REN Zhiqiang;ZHU Guanglong(Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety,Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Industrial Technology of Grain Crops in Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;School of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Yangzhou Meteorological Bureau,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion of Linxian,Lüliang 033200,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [3]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [4]扬州市气象局,江苏扬州225009 [5]山西省吕梁市临县畜牧技术推广站,山西吕梁033200

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第8期1570-1578,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0108100);江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2019]47);扬州大学研究生国际学术交流专项基金项目(YZUIAEF201902015);扬州大学科技创新培育基金(2019CXJ198);扬州市“绿扬金凤”人才计划资助(2018);教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室开放课题。

摘　　要：以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa) WL919品种为材料,设置15.0 kg·hm^(-2) (D1)、30.0 kg·hm^(-2) (D2)、45.0 kg·hm^(-2) (D3)3个播种量,150.0 kg·hm^(-2) (N1)、225.0 kg·hm^(-2) (N2)、300.0 kg·hm^(-2) (N3) 3个施肥量,研究了种植密度和施肥量对盐碱地紫花苜蓿产量与生理特性的影响,以期为滩涂盐碱地苜蓿的高产栽培提供技术支持。结果表明:1)紫花苜蓿的株高、干草产量随种植密度的增加先增后减、在中等密度(D2)下达到最高,随施氮量的增加而增加。2)种植密度和施氮量互作条件下,苜蓿的株高、干草产量均以中密度中氮(D2N2)处理最优。3)播种后120 d时紫花苜蓿处于现蕾期和初花期,此时紫花苜蓿的饲草品质较好,干草产量为11 057.2 kg·hm^(-2),因此是最适宜的收获时期。4)丙二醛含量在播种后60 d时最低,此时施氮量对丙二醛含量影响不显著(P> 0.05),播种后120 d时,D3N2组合下丙二醛含量最低。5)随着种植密度以及施氮量的增加,脯氨酸含量先增后减。总体上,超氧化物歧化酶活性随着种植密度和施氮量的增加而增加,在D2N2处理下活性达到最大值;过氧化物酶活性在中等密度(D2)下较高,在D2N2处理下过氧化物酶活性最高;过氧化氢酶活性在D2、D3密度下,随着施氮量的增加先增后减,在中氮(N2)下活性最高。种植密度和施氮量互作条件下,中密度中氮(D2N2)处理下盐碱地紫花苜蓿的生长和生理特性均能达到最优水平。Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen rate and planting density on the growth and physiological traits of alfalfa WL919 grown in saline soil. The effects of three planting densities(D1=15.0 kg·ha^(-1), D2 =30.0 kg·ha^(-1), and D3 = 45.0 kg·ha^(-1)) and three nitrogen rates(N1 = 150.0 kg·ha^(-1), N2 = 225.0 kg·ha^(-1), and N3 = 300.0 kg·ha^(-1))were investigated in this study to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of alfalfa in saline-alkali soils. The results showed that 1) the plant height and dry biomass yield of alfalfa increased at first and then decreased with the increase in planting density. They reached their highest at medium density(D2) and then decreased, but they always increased with the increase in nitrogen application rate. 2) The results for the interactions between planting density and nitrogen application rate showed that alfalfa plant height and hay yield were both optimal under the medium-density and medium-nitrogen(D2N2)treatment. 3) Alfalfa is at the budding stage and the initial flowering stage at 120 days after sowing. At this time, the forage quality of alfalfa is optimal and the hay yield is 11 057.2 kg·ha^(-1), which means that it is the most suitable harvest time.4) The malondialdehyde content was the lowest at 60 d after sowing. At this time, the nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on the malondialdehyde content(P>0.05). At 120 d after sowing, the D3N2 combination had the lowest malondialdehyde content. 5) The proline content first increased and then decreased as the planting density and nitrogen application rate increased. In general, superoxide dismutase activity increased as the planting density and nitrogen application rate rose, and the maximum value was showed under D2N2 treatment. Peroxidase activity was higher under the medium density(D2) treatment and under the D2N2 treatment. Oxidase activity was optimal, whereas catalase activity increased at first and then decreased with the increase in nitrogen application

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 产量 丙二醛 脯氨酸 超氧化物歧化酶 过氧化物酶 过氧化氢酶 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]