规范性文件的概念界定——以构成条件及识别标准为中心  

On the Definition of the Normative Document——Centered on the Constitutive Conditions and Identification Standards

作　　者：袁勇[1] Yuan Yong

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学法学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第9期114-130,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国法治体系建构下的行政规范性文件司法适用实证研究”(项目编号:15BFX014)的研究成果。

摘　　要：规范性文件是制定法的初始组成单位,也是公法学的主要研究对象之一。但现有朴素观点并未厘清该概念。根据行权行为模式和言语行为要件可确定,规范性文件及其构成条件来源于立规行为。立规行为三段论及其充要条件决定,规范性文件的充要构成条件是普遍规范性文本与充足法律效力。其中,普遍规范性文本是指含有一个以上普遍规范性语义的文本,这种语义是指相对人在给定条件下该当做某事的意义,并且"相对人"、"给定条件"和"某事"均是开放词句表示的普遍对象;充足法律效力是指,某文本的立规行为满足四类高阶规范(权能授予规范、表意规范、内容限制规范与程序规范)设定的条件,从而得到集体承认所构成的,该文本在法律上不容否认的存在力度。规范性文件就是具有充足法律效力的普遍规范性文本。根据前列要件,可以识别规范性文件与非规范性文件、典型的与跨界的规范性文件、正常的与异常的规范性文件等。The normative document is an original constituent of positive law and one of main research objects in the science of public law. However, the current plain opinions do not clarify such concept. According to the mode of power-exercising conduct and elements of speech act, it can be determined that a normative document and its constitutive conditions come from rule-making conduct. The three-stage doctrine of the rule-making conduct and its necessary and sufficient conditions determine that necessary and sufficient conditions for a normative document are generally normative text and sufficiently legal validity. The generally normative text means such text contains more than one generally normative semantics which refers to the meaning that the counter-party should do something in a given condition, and "the counter-party", "a given condition" and "something" are all general objects expressed by open phrases and sentences;the sufficiently legal validity means that the rule-making conduct of a text satisfies conditions set forth by four kinds of high-ranking norms(power-conferring norms, intent-expressing norms, content-limiting norms and procedural norms), thus obtaining the legally undeniable degree of existence of such text which is constituted through collective recognition. A normative document is a generally normative text with sufficiently legal validity. According to the aforesaid elements, a normative document and a non-normative document, a typical normative document and a cross-over normative document, as well as a normal normative document and an abnormal normative document can be distinguished.

关 键 词：规范性文件 规范性 法律效力 制度实在 

分 类 号：DF01[政治法律—法学理论]