论秦始皇陵“水银为海”  

On the“Mercury Sea”in the Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum

作　　者：王子今 WANG Zijin(School of History,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,西安710127

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期89-96,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“中国古代交通史研究”(10XNL001)。

摘　　要：秦始皇陵以"水银"为"大海"的设计,体现了这位帝王对海上世界的向往,也可以看作当时海洋探索与早期海洋学成就的标志之一。秦始皇多次出巡海滨,并有"梦与海神战"以及以连弩射杀巨鱼的经历。正是在这一行为之后,他即走向人生的终点;而还葬骊山途中,又有"鲍鱼"故事。秦始皇对海洋的关注,起初谓"东抚东土,以省卒士;其事大毕,乃临于海",但随后则受到燕齐海上方士神仙学说的强烈影响。地宫中"水银为海"的象征意义,亦可与仙化追求相联系。关注秦宫苑"海池"的存在,考察秦始皇陵地宫的海洋文化元素,应当有助于深化对中国海洋学史的认识。The mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang is designed with mercury as the sea,which reflects the emperor s yearning for the ocean,and can be regarded as one of the symbols of the achievements of ocean exploration and early oceanography at that time.The Emperor made many trips to the seashore,fought with the gods of the sea in his dreams and killed giant fish with a crossbow,and after that his life came to an end.Even when being transported to the tomb in the Li Mountains,his corpse was mingled with“Bao Yu”(whole marinated fish).Qin Shi Huang's interest in ocean originated from his ambition to expand the boundary eastward onto the sea,but later on due to royal alchemists’(mostly from east provinces)deception,he began to consider ocean as a place for eternal life,which could also explain the“mercury sea”in his mausoleum.The“Sea Pond”in the Qin palace garden and the elements of the marine culture in the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's underground palace could help better understand the history of Chinese oceanography.

关 键 词：秦始皇陵 大海 水银 海池 海洋文化 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]