接坝区不同面积小流域泥沙来源分析  

Sediment Sources in Watersheds with Various Areas in Transitional Region from Plateau to Plain

作　　者：许晶晶 杜鹏飞[1] 屈丽琴 赵莹 黄东浩[2] 周瑞鹏 XU Jingjing;DU Pengfei;QU Liqin;ZHAO Ying;HUANG Donghao;ZHOU Ruipeng(International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [2]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第6期39-45,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“接坝区坡地风水复合侵蚀控制技术研究”(2016YFC0500802)。

摘　　要：为明晰接坝区不同面积典型小流域的泥沙来源特征,选取水力侵蚀严重的小坝子乡流域和小坝子村流域作为研究区,分析泥沙源区和沉积区样品的粒径组成和30种指纹因子,通过Walling-Collings模型计算得到了不同源区的相对贡献率。结果表明:小坝子乡流域沉积泥沙来源于农田、林草地和侵蚀沟的比例分别为71.6%,15.9%,12.5%;小坝子村流域来源于退耕农田、草地、侵蚀沟的沉积泥沙比例分别为44.4%,21.4%,34.2%;不同源区的泥沙面积比显著不同,在小坝子乡流域,林草地最低,为0.18,农田最高,达11.07,侵蚀沟介于两者之间,为5.87,在小坝子村流域,泥沙面积比由小到大依次为:草地0.43,退耕农田1.07,侵蚀沟3.96;小坝子乡流域水土流失治理重点应集中在农田和侵蚀沟上。The composite fingerprint technique was introduced to identify the characteristics of sediment sources contribution in typical watersheds named Xiaobazi Town and Xiaobazi Village,which experienced serious water erosion is located in the transitional area from plateau to plain in northern China.In order to make the optimized composite fingerprints clear,30 chemical properties and grain size composition were measured and statistically analyzed.Then the Walling-Collins model was used to calculate the relative contribution rate of sediment sources.The results indicated that farmland was the primary sediment source in Xiaobazi Town watershed,reaching 71.6%,forest and grass land contributed 15.9% and gully contributed 12.5%.Returning farmland and gully were the important two sediment sources in Xiaobazi Village watershed,reaching 44.4% and 34.2%,respectively,while grassland contributed 21.4%.The ratio of sediment area was significantly different in various sediment source regions,in Xiaobazi Town watershed,the ratio of sediment area of forest and grass land was the lowest with value of 0.18,the ratio of sediment area of farmland was the highest with value of 11.07,and the ratio of sediment area of gully was 5.87,which is between the ratio of sediment areas of farmland and forest and grass land.In Xiaobazi Village watershed,the ratio of sediment area in crased in the order:0.43 in grassland<1.07 in returning farmland<3.96 in gully.More attention for soil erosion control should be focused on farmland and gully in Xiaobazi Town watershed in the future.

关 键 词：泥沙来源 泥沙面积比 指纹识别 接坝区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]