滇池流域源头区不同土地利用方式土壤无机磷组分的分布特征  

Characteristics of Distribution of Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soils of Different Land Use Patterns in the Source Area of Dianchi Watershed

作　　者：彭珮媛 吴晓妮 李子光 赵洛琪 付登高 段昌群 PENG Peiyuan;WU Xiaoni;LI Ziguang;ZHAO Luoqi;FU Denggao;DUAN Changqun(Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau and Mountain Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration,School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;School of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming,Yunnan 650214,China;Haikou Forest Farm,Kunming 650114,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与环境学院云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室,昆明650091 [2]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,昆明650214 [3]昆明市海口林场,昆明650114

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第6期58-64,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项(2017FH001-044);国家自然科学基金(31860133);云南省重点研发计划(2019BC001)。

摘　　要：为了解富营养湖泊流域源头区内不同土地利用方式下的无机磷组成及分布特征,在滇池流域南部的柴河流域内选取6种不同土地利用方式(云南松林地、荒草坡、富磷农田、大棚农田、大棚沟渠及露天农田)土壤,对土壤无机磷组分的分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:研究区域土壤无机磷含量为0.96~3.23 g/kg,占总磷含量的45.31%~76.41%;其中山地区内的云南松林、荒草坡和富磷农田土壤以磷酸铁盐磷(Fe-P)和磷酸钙盐磷(Ca-P)为主,二者占无机磷含量的64.24%~68.24%,而坝平地中的大棚农田、大棚沟渠及露天农田土壤则以Ca-P和闭蓄态磷(O-P)为主,二者含量占无机磷含量的83.49%~89.70%;相关分析表明,土壤有效磷与Ca-P和O-P呈显著正相关,而有机磷与磷酸铝磷(Al-P),Fe-P,O-P和Ca-P呈显著正相关。可见,流域内的山地区(荒草坡及云南松林)具有较好的供磷潜力,有利于提升其生态修复效率以期达到有效的面源污染防控,而山地区富磷农田由于较高的磷组分含量及其土地覆被特征成为流域内面源污染防控的重点区域。To understand the composition and distribution characteristics of inorganic phosphorus under different land use patterns in the source area of the eutrophic lake basin,the characteristics of distribution of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions were analyzed by selecting 6 different land use patterns(Pinus yunnanensis forest,barren grassland,phosphorus-rich farmland,greenhouse farmland,greenhouse ditch,and open farmland)in Chaihe Watershed in the south of Dianchi Lake.The results showed that the inorganic phosphorus content was 0.96~3.23 g/kg,accounting for 45.31%~76.41% of total phosphorus content;Fe-P and Ca-P were the main inorganic phosphorus fractions in the P.yunnanensis forest,barren grassland,and phosphorus-rich farmland,which accounted for 64.24%~68.24% of the inorganic phosphorus content,respectively;Ca-P and O-P were the main inorganic phosphorus fractions under the greenhouse farmland,greenhouse ditches and open farmland in flat ground,which accounted for 83.49%~89.70% of the inorganic phosphorus content.Correlation analysis showed that soil available phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with Ca-P and O-P,while the organic phosphorus and Al-P,Fe-P,O-P and Ca-P showed the significantly positive correlations.It could be seen that the mountain areas(P.yunnanensis forest,barren grassland)in the watershed had better phosphorus supply potential,which was conducive to improving their ecological restoration efficiency in order to achieve effective control of nonpoint source pollution,and phosphorus-rich farmland was a key area for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in the watershed due to its high phosphorus content and land cover characteristics.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 无机磷组分 供磷能力 磷素流失 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]