不同地表覆盖物对城郊农业区葡萄园土壤呼吸及水热环境的影响  

Effects of Different Surface Mulches on Soil Respiration and Hydrothermal Environment in Urban Vineyards

作　　者：郝旺林 梁银丽[1,2,4] 穆兰 印宁 许明祥 HAO Wanglin;LIANG Yinli;MU Lan;YIN Ning;XU Mingxiang(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of Life Sciences,Luliang University,Luliang,Shanxi 033000,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100190 [3]吕梁学院生命科学系,山西吕梁033000 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710061

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第6期65-74,89,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题(2014BAD14B006);国家自然科学基金(41771318,41830758);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0680);吕梁市重点研发项目(2020SHFZ45)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同覆盖物对城郊农业区葡萄园土壤呼吸及水热环境影响,设置对照CK(露地),种植酢浆草、白三叶草,覆盖黑膜、白膜5个处理,监测生长—生产期土壤呼吸、水热环境,然后分析了其响应关系。结果表明:(1)4种不同覆盖处理下相比露地(CK)显著提高了葡萄园土壤呼吸速率(p<0.05),呼吸速率总体表现为:白三叶>黑膜>白膜>酢浆草。各处理土壤呼吸速率变化峰值均出现在8月份;(2)4种不同覆盖处理下葡萄园土壤水分在不同时期呈现出较为明显的剖面垂直分异特征,各处理相比露地(CK)表现出明显的土壤水分保持能力,林下覆膜(黑膜、白膜)相比林下生草(酢浆草、白三叶)表层持水保水能力表现突出,林下覆膜处理(黑膜、白膜)平均温度均高于CK(露地),而林下生草覆盖处理(酢浆草、白三叶)平均温度均低于CK,林下覆膜处理增温效果整体强于林下生草覆盖处理。黑膜的增温效果相对较强,在维持土壤温度稳定也要优于其他处理,而露地维持温度稳定相对最差;(3)林下覆膜模式土壤呼吸与土壤水分呈现显著二次函数关系(p<0.05),而林下生草模式土壤呼吸与土壤水分呈现指数函数关系(p<0.05),各处理土壤温度(5 cm)与土壤呼吸速率呈现指数函数关系,且各处理温度敏感系数表现为:黑膜>CK(露地)>白膜>白三叶>酢浆草。从节碳减排、涵养水源角度出发,酢浆草与黑膜是较为适宜的覆盖模式;但如果进一步考虑减少环境污染、提高植物生产碳源,保持城郊农业高效可持续发展,酢浆草与白三叶草覆盖模式,更适宜于新型城郊农业生产。To explore the effects of different mulches on the soil respiration and hydrothermal environment of orchards in urban vineyards,five filed treatments including CK(open field),planting Oxalis corniculata L.and Trifolium repens L.,covering with black film and white film were designed,soil respiration and hydrothermal environment during growth-production period were monitored,and the response relationship between them were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)compared with bare ground surface(CK),the soil respiration rate of vineyards under four different mulches significantly increased(p<0.05),and the respiration rate of vineyards was as follows:Trifolium repens L.>black film>white film>Oxalis corniculata L.;the peak soil respiration rate in each treatment occurred in August;(2)the soil moisture of the vineyards under 4 different mulches and CK showed obvious vertical cross-section characteristics at different periods;the soil under 4 different mulches had significant water conservation capacity,film mulch(black film,white film)showed stronger water retention capacity than grass mulch(Oxalis corniculata L.,Trifolium repens L.);the average temperature of mulching treatment(black film,white film)was higher than that of CK(open field),while the average temperature of grass planting treatment(Oxalis corniculata L.,Trifolium repens L.)was lower than that of CK,effect of rasing soil temperature in mulching treatment was stronger than grass planting treatment;black film treatment had a relatively strong effect of rasing soil temperature,and it was better than other treatments in maintaining soil temperature stability;(3)soil respiration and soil moisture showed a significant quadratic function relationship in vineyards under film mulch(p<0.05),while soil respiration and soil moisture showed an exponential function relationship in vineyards under grass mulch(p<0.05);the soil temperature(5 cm)of all treatment had an exponential function relationship with the soil respiration,and the temperature sensitivity coefficient(Q 10)o

关 键 词：城郊农业 土壤呼吸 水分 温度 覆盖模式 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S152[农业科学—园艺学]