引黄灌区包气带土壤水分运移及对地下水的补给  

Water Movement in the Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Recharge in the Yellow River Irrigation Area

作　　者：杨丽虎[1,2] 徐迎春 马玉学 宋献方 赵志鹏[5] 公亮 刘海燕 宋秋英 YANG Lihu;XU Yingchun;MA Yuxue;SONG Xianfang;ZHAO Zhipeng;GONG Liang;LIU Haiyan;SONG Qiuying(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101400,China;School of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101400,China;Ningxia Geological Survey Institute,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Ningxia,Yinchuan 750011,China;Qihe Bureau of Water Resources,Qihe,Shandong 251100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京101400 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101400 [4]宁夏回族自治区地质调查院,银川750021 [5]宁夏回族自治区水文环境地质勘察院,银川750011 [6]齐河县水利局,山东齐河251100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第6期168-174,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1804803-02);宁夏地勘基金(HZ20170040-I)。

摘　　要：为了揭示干旱区灌区包气带水分运移规律及其对地下水的补给机制,以银川平原永宁灌区试验区为例,原位监测降雨、土壤水和地下水,采用零通量面法计算包气带的水量平衡,定量评估了土壤水与地下水的补给量。结果表明:(1)活跃层、次活跃层受降雨/灌溉水入渗、蒸发的影响最为明显。地下水受渠系渗漏影响7月初埋深最小,4月末和11月初埋深最大。(2)活跃层和次活跃层含水量增幅、初始入渗速率、持续时间和总渗漏量在灌溉模式均大于降雨模式,土壤蒸发量在两种模式下则表现相反。在灌溉量减少的情况下,由于地下水位抬升,深层渗漏量基本不变,但持续渗漏的时间增长。(3)研究时段土壤储水量增加了0.3 mm,入渗量为633.3 mm,蒸发量为285.6 mm,深层渗漏补给地下水量为434.4 mm,地下水补给土壤水为87.0 mm。包气带土壤水受持续降雨模式、灌溉模式和地下水位波动的影响,灌溉补给地下水占入渗量的68%,需要优化灌溉模式,提高灌溉水的利用效率。In order to reveal the mechanism of water movement and groundwater recharge and provide theoretical basis for agricultural water resources management in arid area,Yongning experimental irrigation site in the Yinchuan Plain was taken as an example to monitor precipitation,soil water content,soil water potential and groundwater level.The zero flux plane method was used to calculate the water balance of the unsaturated zone.The relationship between soil water and groundwater recharge was evaluated.The results show that:(1)the soil moisture content and soil water potential in the active and sub-active layers extremely varied and were most obviously affected by rainfall/irrigation infiltration and evaporation;affected by the leakage of the irrigation canal system,the minimum groundwater depth was recorded in early July,and the maximum groundwater depth was observed in late April and early November;(2)the increase of soil water content in the active and sub-active layer,the initial infiltration rate,duration time and total leakage irrigation mode were all higher in the irrigation mode than those in the rainfall mode,however,this trend was the opposite of soil evaporation;While the groundwater level rose and the amount of irrigation infiltration decreased,the deep leakage increased relatively;the duration of the deep layer leaking also increased compared with that while the groundwater level was lower;(3)during the study period,soil water storage increased by 0.3 mm,soil infiltration was 633.3 mm,evaporation was 285.6 mm,deep leakage was 434.4 mm,the recharge from groundwater was 347.4 mm.In general,the movement of soil moisture in the aerated zone was affected by continuous rainfall mode,irrigation mode and groundwater level fluctuations.The amount of groundwater recharge accounted for 68% of the total infiltration from precipitation or irrigation.It is necessary to optimize the irrigation mode and improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：包气带 水分运移 地下水补给 引黄灌区 银川平原 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]