认知语言学“神经相关物”进路的哲学困境和审思  

Reflections on the Philosophical Dilemmas of Neural Correlates Approach to Cognitive Linguistics

作　　者：龚玉苗 GONG Yu-miao(School of Foreign Languages,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学外国语学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2021年第5期27-33,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目“隐喻研究‘神经相关物’进路的哲学困境及出路”(19YYB005);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“隐喻‘据事假物论’的认知理据研究”(2019SJA1570);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2020年度一般项目“具身认知视域下的二语动词隐喻加工研究”(GD20CWY12)。

摘　　要：随着自然主义科学哲学的深入人心以及研究设备和技术的进步,“神经相关物”进路成为认知语言学回应其“过度倚重内省证据”诘难以提升其“科学性”的重要途径。但井喷式的实证研究却造成了理论一致性较差并使其陷入了“实证帝国主义”的藩篱,单纯的变量控制以及实验设备的进步都不能从根本上解决理论问题,当前必须进行哲学审思以及范式转化的考量。文章以“隐喻神经理论”为个案论证认知语言学“神经相关物”进路面临的哲学困境并进行审思。结论如下:(1)哲学困境包括“相关物”哲学意蕴、本体论层面的“意识难题”以及认识论层面的“解释鸿沟”;(2)神经现象学成为可能出路,基本观点包括基于心智和生命强连续性的本体论、认知的具身-生成条件、超越经验主义与理智主义的“中道认识论”以及第一人称和第三人称方法的“互惠约束”方法论。With the increasing prevalence of naturalism and the advancement of experiment equipment and methods,locating the neural correlates has become a major approach to improving the scientificity of cognitive linguistics and responding to the criticism for relying too heavily on introspective evidence.However,the blow-out of neurological studies has severely suffered from theoretical inconsistency,resulting in an empirical imperialism,and it has thus been recognized that merely the improvement of the equipment and further control of the variables cannot solve the fundamental theoretical problems.It is high time for philosophical reflections and a paradigmatic turn.Based on a case study of the Neural Theory of Metaphor developed by George Lakoff,this article investigates the theoretical dilemmas that cognitive linguistics is facing and makes corresponding philosophical reflections.The findings include:(1)the dilemmas:the philosophical implications of correlates,the hard problem of consciousness ontologically and the explanatory gap epistemologically.(2)phenomenology serves as a plausible solution,which includes ontologically the strong continuity of mind and life,the embodied and the enacted cognition and the irreducibility of phenomenal meanings;the middle way of epistemology which transcends experientialism and rationalism;and methodologically a reciprocal relation between first-person and third-person methods.This article attempts to consider a paradigmatic attempt to relate the data from introspection to neuroscientific findings.

关 键 词：认知语言学 神经相关物 意识难题 神经现象学 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]