自由国际秩序的转型与混合型秩序的兴起  

The Decline of the Liberal International Order and the Emergence of a Mixed Type of Order

作　　者：赵洋[1] Zhao Yang

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100028

出　　处：《国际论坛》2021年第5期3-23,155,共22页International Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“人类命运共同体思想对‘中国学派’国际关系理论之贡献研究”(批准号:20BGJ002)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：唐纳德·特朗普在总统任期中采取了一系列以单边主义和极端利己主义为基础的对外政策,动摇了支撑当代国际秩序的一系列规范和价值,引发了学术界关于“自由国际秩序向何处去”的理论争论。自由主义学者倾向于认为当代国际秩序是建立在各国共同接受的规则和制度、共同的价值观以及公共物品供给基础之上的,因而特朗普政府的行为从内部动摇了这一秩序的基础,削弱了美国的全球领导力。现实主义学者则认为所谓的自由国际秩序不过是特定历史条件下的产物,其内在运行逻辑就蕴含了不可避免地导致这一秩序走向终结的因素。一种正在浮现的融合了现实主义和自由主义合理成分,但又具有自身独特性的混合型秩序将既有利于各国维护自身利益,又可以保持国际秩序总体稳定,因而将是未来国际秩序的理想状态。Since the unilateral and self-serving policies of the Trump administration weakened the set of norms and values that constitute the liberal international order,there is an academic debate on the future of this order.Liberals argue that this liberal order is based on commonly accepted norms and rules,common values and the provision of public goods,so the policies of the Trump administration weakened the order internally.In contrast,realists hold the idea that the order is no more than the product of a specific historical context,and its internal logic will inevitably lead to its dissolution.After analyzing the characteristics of the liberal international order and the causes of its decline,this paper argues that an emerging mixed type of order that combines the merits of both realism and idealism while having its own features is the best choice.It is conducive to the defense of every country’s national interests and the stability of the international order.

关 键 词：自由主义 国际秩序 国际制度 国际规范 权力政治 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]