禁牧及非禁牧管护措施对天山云杉种群结构及分布格局的影响  

Effects of Management Measures of Grazing Prohibition and Non-grazing Prohibition on the Population Structure and Spatial Patterns of Picea schrenkiana var.t-nschanica

作　　者：于婷[1] 李建贵[1] 张少博 YU Ting;LI Jian-gui;ZHANG Shao-bo(College of Forestry&Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]浙江农林大学,杭州311000

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2021年第2期104-110,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：天山保护措施对天山云杉种群结构及更新演替影响(自治区林业厅项目)。

摘　　要：以天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)种群为研究对象,科学评价禁牧及非禁牧管护措施对天山云杉种群结构及空间分布格局的影响,为禁牧及非禁牧管护措施在天保工程中发挥的生态调控功效提供科学依据。在自然环境相近的禁牧区和非禁牧区设立50 m×50 m固定样地,采用格点法和分级法分别对禁牧区人工林和天然林、非禁牧区天然林的天山云杉进行每木调查,并对禁牧及非禁牧管护措施对天然云杉种群结构及空间分布格局的影响进行数据分析。禁牧区人工林其格局为均匀分布的单个云杉个体,除占6%的大树,其余均是胸径小于7 cm的幼小树,且轮生枝数量分布较为集中;禁牧区天然林三块样地分布属于集群分布的个体群,幼小树自我恢复不是很好,从天山云杉各龄级的个体数量以及SDI来看,禁牧区天然林的更新具有较强的连续性;非禁牧区天然林云杉的分布属于随机分布的个体群,幼小树轮生枝分布较为零散,其更新能力没有禁牧区天然林强。天山云杉种群分布受外界环境的影响较大,无论是分布特征还是种群密度等来看,禁牧管护措施的实施减少了外界对天山云杉天然林生长环境的干扰,有利于其种群的更新与可持续发展。所以,在今后的天山云杉管理中,除了继续加强禁牧管护措施外,应加强对人为干扰相对较大区域天山云杉的保护,同时应加强对禁牧区人工林的检测,从而避免因种群单一带来的生态系统问题的出现。The population of Picea schrenkiana var.Tianschanica was taken as the research object and scientific methods were employed to evaluate the effects of grazing prohibition and non-grazing management measures on the population structure and spatial distribution pattern of it with a view of providing a scientific measure for the ecological regulation and control effects of grazing prohibition and non-grazing management and protection measures in the natural protection project.50 m×50 m fixed sample plots in forbidden and non-forbidden grazing areas with similar natural environment were set up,grid method and classification method were used to investigate each tree of Picea schrenkiana var.Tianschanica in artificial forests and natural forests in grazing prohibited areas and natural forests in non-grazing areas.In addition,data analysis was carried out on the impact of grazing prohibition and non-grazing management and protection measures on natural spruce population structure and spatial distribution pattern.The pattern of plantation in the grazing prohibition area was a single spruce one with even distribution,except for 6%of the huge trees,the rest were young trees with a diameter of less than 7 cm at breast height,and the number of whorls was more concentrated.The three plots of natural forests in the grazing prohibition area belonged to clustered individual groups,and the young trees did not recover very well.From the number of individuals of various ages of Picea schrenkiana var.Tianschanica and SDI,the regeneration of the natural forest in the grazing prohibition area had a strong continuity.The distribution of spruce in natural forests in non-grazing areas belonged to a randomly distributed group of individuals,and the distribution of whorled branches of young trees was relatively scattered,and its regeneration capacity was not as strong as that of natural forests in prohibiting pasturing areas.The distribution of Picea schrenkiana var.Tianschanica population is greatly affected by the external environment.Fr

关 键 词：天山云杉 禁牧 干扰 种群空间结构 生态系统 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]