北京平原沙地油松银杏林施用污泥有机营养土重金属污染风险评价  

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution by Applying Sludge Organic Nutrient Soil to Pinus Tabulaeformis and ginkgo Biloba forest on Sandy Land in Beijing Plain

作　　者：贾清棋 孙文彦 姚聪颖 彭祚登[2] 姚海 张晓娟 JIA Qing-qi;SUN Wen-yan;YAO Cong-ying;PENG Zuo-den;YAO Hai;ZHANG Xiao-juan(Beijing Drainage Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China;The College of Forestry of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司,北京100044 [2]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2021年第2期138-149,共12页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家发改委环境污染第三方治理“北京市污泥资源化苗圃种植项目”;北京排水集团污泥资源化苗圃种植项目(2017HXFWLXY023)。

摘　　要：针对城市排水污泥制有机营养土施入林地后对土壤中重金属含量的影响这一制约污泥在林地资源化利用的敏感问题,选取北京大兴永定河冲积平原上营造的油松和银杏人工生态林,在抚育管理中施入经过厌氧消化板框脱水处理工艺制成的有机营养土后对林地土壤重金属的监测结果,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数评价法和潜在生态危害指数法分别对不同施用量处理下的土壤重金属影响进行评价,旨在确定油松银杏林地施用污泥有机营养土后的重金属污染来源因子,并为确定合理的有机营养土施用量提供依据。结果表明:(1)采用不同方法评价林地施入污泥制有机营养土后的土壤重金属风险,尽管存在一定的差异,但是基本趋势一致,铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、汞均表现为无污染风险,但采用单因子指数法评价镉的污染状况为轻度污染风险,而砷表现为油松林轻度至中度污染风险,银杏林地均为轻度污染;利用内梅罗综合指数法评价,油松和银杏林地均表现为镉为警戒级至轻污染,砷为轻污染到中污染。(2)利用潜在生态危害指数法评价油松和银杏人工林施用污泥制有机营养土后8种重金属污染的生态风险,无论是单独作用还是共同作用均为低生态风险。(3)除砷在银杏林地20-40 cm土层的积累随施用量的增加在施用量达到60 kg/株以上具有显著的增加外,其余油松和银杏林地的重金属在土壤中随施用量的增加,在不同土层均无显著的积累变化。(4)以重金属镉、砷可能的生态风险为参照,在油松林地施入污泥制有机营养土施用量应控制在45 kg/株以下,银杏林应控制在60 kg/株以下。In view of the impact of the organic nutrient soil from urban drainage sludge into forest land on the content of heavy metals in the soil,which is a sensitive problem restricting the utilization of sludge in forest land,an artificial ecological forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Ginkgo biloba constructed on the alluvial plain of Yongding River in Daxing,Beijing was selected to monitor the heavy metals in the forest soil after applying organic nutrient soil made by anaerobic digestion and plate frame dehydration.Single factor index method,Nemerow comprehensive index method and potential ecological harm index method were used to evaluate the effects of heavy metals on soil under different application rates.The purpose of this study is to determine the source factors of heavy metal pollution in the Pinus tabulaeformis and Ginkgo biloba forest land after the application of sludge to organic nutrient soil,and to provide the basis for determining a reasonable amount of organic nutrient soil.The results showed that:(1)The risk of heavy metals in soil after the application of sludge to organic nutrient soil was evaluated by different methods,although there were some differences,the basic trend was consistent,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb and Hg all showed no pollution risk.However,when the single-factor index method was used to evaluate the pollution status of Cd,the pollution risk was a light level,while As showed a light to moderate pollution risk in the Pinus tabulaeformis forest,and the Ginkgo biloba forest land was lightly polluted;According to Nemero comprehensive index,the forest land of Pinus tabulaeformis and Ginkgo biloba showed that Cd pollution was at a warning level,and As was at light pollution to medium pollution level.(2)The potential ecological hazard index method was used to evaluate the ecological risks of eight heavy metals pollution in Pinus tabulaeformis and Ginkgo biloba plantations after the application of sludge to organic nutrient soil.Both the individual and combined effects were at a low ecological risk level

关 键 词：排水污泥制有机营养土 油松人工林 银杏人工林 重金属 污染风险 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]